Acute Manic Episode in Depressed Adult Female Cementing Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder I in the Presence of an Arachnoid Cyst
Preceptor: Dr. Olga Abduakhadov, MD
Bayonne Medical Center
Psychiatric Rotation
1/5/15 – 1/30/15
Marie Pereira
KCOM OMS III
January 20, 2015 ABSTRACT
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, or major depression [1]. It affects approximately 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population over 18 yearly. The median age of onset for bipolar disorder is 25 years old though individuals can be diagnosed in early childhood or as late as fifty. The incidence of Bipolar disorder is equal between men and women though women undergo cycles of balanced mood, mania, hypomania, and depression three times as frequently as men [2]. This disorder is suspected to have a genetic component as more than 66% of individuals diagnosed have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression [3]. There are two subtypes of Bipolar disorder. Patients diagnosed with Bipolar I experience manic episodes and nearly always experience major depressive and hypomanic episodes. Individuals with Bipolar II disorder have at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode in the absence of manic episodes [1].
Bipolar disorder, like any psychiatric disorder, is a diagnosis of exclusion. For a patient to be diagnosed they must first be medically cleared with blood work and any
The symptoms of bipolar disorder are numerous and vary depending on the individual, as well as the specific type of the disorder. The generalized
The symptoms presented by the client are characteristic of Bipolar I disorder with single manic episode. The defining features of this diagnosis are a single manic episode with no history of major depressive episodes. The manic episode is characterized by a distinct and persistent period of abnormal mood that is elevated and expansive that lasts for at least one week. The most prominent features of the manic episode presented by the client include a sense of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and an increase in behavior that is goal directed. This manic episode has caused disruption in the client's professional life, and the symptoms are not a result of physiological effects from any
Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that is characterized by abnormal changes in mood, energy and activity levels (“National Institute of Mental Health”). Manic-depressive illness is also another name that bipolar disorder is commonly referred to as (“National Institute of Mental Health”). This disorder has four basic types including, bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymic, and any other which do not perfectly fit the first three. All four of the types have episodes of extreme highs, manic periods, and extreme lows, depressive periods. Symptoms can range greatly and depend on what type of episode the affected is having. Manic episodes can include, but are not limited to: having extraordinarily high amounts of energy, activity,
Bipolar disorder also known as manic depression has always been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that it can appear in almost everyone. Bipolar disorder causes mood swings in energy, thinking, and other behavior. Having a bipolar disorder can be very disabling (Kapczinski). A study was evaluated and about 1.3% of the U.S population of people suffers from bipolar disorder. Stressors and environmental influences can trigger and cause a person to go through numerous episodes. Bipolar disorder is characterized according to the severity of the stages. According to Kapczinski, there are four different stages that a person with bipolar disorder can experience. The prognosis of a disorder is different in each particular patient
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a common, recurrent, and debilitating mood disorder which causes extreme shifts in energy and mood. The word bipolar indicates the two main polar extremes which a person with the disorder experiences. According to NIMH, a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that oversees neurological and psychological research, this disorder affects about 2.3 million adults in the United States and about 1.2 percent of the population worldwide. The first signs of this disorder usually appear in adolescence and early adulthood, with cases seldom occuring in childhood. No findings have been made to indicate a difference in frequency among those of differing race or ethnicity. Bipolar
Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person's mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder (sometimes called Bipolar III), a person's mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. Some people with cyclothymic disorder later develop full-blown bipolar disorder. Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. At least fifteen percent of people with bipolar disorder commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Medications known as "mood stabilizers" are usually prescribed by
The mental health disorder Bipolar I is expressed as a manic depressive illness where people tend to go through unusual and extreme mood changes (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017). The DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) express that anxious distress, rapid cycling, peripartum onset, mixed, catatonic, melancholic, and atypical features all affect the DSM criteria. (Forbes, 2017) The process of diagnosing, or being diagnosed with this disorder requires being able to identify the symptoms accurately and effectively.
Bipolar disorder is divided into two categories – bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I is a more severe than bipolar II. People with bipolar I experience mania accompanied with irritable mood. This type of mania or manic episode involves delusional thinking. The manic episode can only be diagnosed if it is accompanied with three or more symptoms on a daily basis for a minimum of one week. Usually, hospitalization is a necessary if the individual isn’t taking
Bipolar is a disorder that involves the mind. Some might refer to bipolar as manic depressive. Bipolar causes an imbalance in the brain, this will cause someone’s moods and energy levels to be unpredictable, when this takes place it is hard for someone to
When considering the effects of a bipolar disorder on human life, one will realize that it is no simple disorder. In fact, bipolar disorder is immensely complex and bewildering even through a large amount of research and time has been spent studying it. Although there is a lot of information not known about bipolar disorders, it is important to recognize the current knowledge. Thus, the goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of current knowledge of bipolar disorder, including explaining the effects, causation, and incidence of the disorder.
“Bipolar disorder, also commonly known as manic depression, is defined as a serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can quickly alternate from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and confusion. All people with bipolar disorder have manic episodes abnormally elevated or irritable moods that last at least a week and impair functioning. But not all become depressed ” (American Psychological Association, 2015). Bipolar disorder can vary in each individual. The symptoms fluctuate in pattern, severity and rate of recurrence. Some people are more susceptible to either mania or depression, while others change proportionately between the two types of episodes. Some have frequent mood disruptions, while others live through a few throughout their lifetime.
Bipolar disorder is the name given to the disease in which an individual will experience