Essay On Acute Renal Failure

Injury to the glomerulus and the tubules presents the onset of Intra-renal failure (Matzke, 2011). Some of the frequent causes for Intra-renal failure are glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; and tubular injury. Post-renal failure develops from things like ureteroliths, tumors, or anatomic impediments. Opposite of the acute form, the chronic form has a slow onset that has no early stage symptoms. It is important to know that following an acute episode a chronic renal episode often follows, and at this juncture the damage is irreversible. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis combined, has been reported to be the forerunner in as much as half the cases from acute to chronic renal failure. Diabetes mellitus, renal vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, drug damage, and nephrolith are all examples of other causes of CKD (Pradeep, 2014). Biopsies of kidneys that suffered with CKD reveal smaller kidneys with scarring on the tubules.

Prerenal acute renal failure- accounts for 60% of cases of ARF- is the most common cause of ARF and is caused by impaired renal blood flow. The GFR drops because of the decrease in filtration pressure. Poor perfusion can result from hypovolemia, hemorrhage, renal vasoconstricition, hypotension, or inadequate cardiac output. This type of renal failure may occur when chronic renal failure exists if a sudden stress is imposed on already marginally functioning kidneys. If blood volume or blood pressure and oxygen delivery is not restored, cell injury and acute tubular necrosis or acute interstitial necrosis may be caused (Perrin, 2009).

Acute renal failure condition is diagnosed and retitled as acute kidney injury. The purpose of the change of terminology was to encompass the full spectrum of the clinical manifestations associated with the syndrome. This includes a range from a small decline in kidney function to a severe impairment. Furthermore, the acute condition is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function. In addition, associated manifestation(s) may be displayed as a rise in serum creatinine or a reduction in urine output. As a result of increase of serum creatinine or decline in urine output may developed and aggress to the clinical manifestation azotemia.

Acute renal failure is when a sudden, severe decrease in renal function occurs. The kidneys fail to remove metabolic end products from the blood and regulate the fluid, electrolyte

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is often characterized by a rapid decline in renal excretory function, and/or a significant decrease in urine output (SOURCE). The exact level of function loss required to be defined as AKI has been debated; however, the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) has released a widely accepted system used to define AKI and its varying levels of severity (1). The stages of AKI severity are classified as: risk, injury, failure, loss of function, and end-stage kidney disease, collectively referred to as RIFLE, as illustrated in Figure 1. Severity is defined based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine output criteria. GFR criteria includes serum creatinine concentration (Screat) and GFR, with an increase in Screat or a

As simple as this urinary system may sound there are also complication such as acute renal failure or acute kidney failure, this occurs when the kidneys suddenly are unable to filter waste products from the blood. When kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate and the blood 's chemical makeup may get out of balance (mayo clinic, 1998). Acute renal failure is categories into three different stages prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal.

The pathophysiology of acute renal failure is still uncertain though it is thought to be

Early studies have shown that there is no significant increase in mortality from renal failure. A prospective study followed a cohort of 2046 initially healthy men and measured urate levels and the incidence of a raised serum creatinine (Campion et al. 1987). They concluded that there wasn’t a significant rise in the creatinine level, and that there was no significant renal impairment caused hyperuricaemia, supporting a conservative treatment regimen.

Acute renal failure is reversible and has a speedy loss of kidney function demonstrated by an increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in urine output. An abrupt loss of kidney function triggered by the failure of renal circulation or injury to the tubules or glomeruli.

The kidneys are the organs in the body that serves a number of functions, including filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure and red blood cell production in the body, and balancing electrolytes. When kidney failure sets in, a number of symptoms can be experienced by patients that results from the build-up of waste products and excess fluid in the body. This disruption of the kidneys’ function can lead to symptoms such as weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, swelling, confusion, sleep disruption, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetite, among other unpleasant symptoms. Kidney disease can be caused by a number of underlying diseases and conditions, and while some caused of kidney failure are treatable, it can

Kidney failure may often lead to the need for kidney dialysis. The kidneys play a very important role in filtering the waste, toxins, and water from the body. When the kidneys fail to properly do their job various wastes and excess fluids can build up in the body, leading to swelling and edema. The two most common causes of kidney failure are acute renal injury and chronic kidney disease. Signs and symptoms are not always present right away. It may take some time to notice these signs and symptoms. Some signs and symptoms include increased levels of urea in the blood, a buildup of phosphates and potassium in the blood, anemia, and edema. Glomerular filtration rate is used to determine which of the five stages of kidney failure an individual is at. Glomerular filtration rate determines level of kidney function.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical complication after pediatric cardiac surgery that significantly diminishes the quality of life. Early detection of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery can lead to better preventive and therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric cardiac patients. We measured serum creatinine, serum urea, and plasma NGAL levels in 30 Egyptian children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We classified patients according to creatinine criteria of Acute Kidney Injury Network into AKI (n=9) and non-AKI (n=21) groups.

Patients who are diagnosed with acute renal failure go through difficult times dealing with the disease. Their families too experience psychological difficulties, not knowing the degree of suffering their loved ones are going through. Therefore, in order to provide the best of care for the patient, nurses need to be knowledgeable about the problem, and find the best professional way to educate the patient and family so that the patient does not end up into the hospital for re-admission. Family members can best relate to the situation and understand what their loved ones are going through if they are included into the care of the patients. You get a better outcome when you treat patients as a whole. It is critical for nurses and other health care workers to provide patients and their family members with the necessary information in order for them to make informed decisions.

At the end of our 2 weeks of data gathering and completing the study, the group aims to accomplish the following:

research paper, is to provide a general overview of the causes of kidney failure, shedding light on it