Adrenoleukodystrophy Essay

Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain from which there is no recovery. There are three brain abnormalities that are the hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease is initially caused by plaques buildup in the brain’s neurons as illustrated in figure 1. The support structure that allows the flow of the nutrients through the neurons gets damaged and ultimately there is loss of connection among the neurons and they die off (National Institute of Health, 2015). This causes the brain tissue to shrinks, which is called atrophies. All this ultimately lead the victim of this disease to face difficulties in governing emotions, recognize errors and patterns, coordinate movement, and remember. Ultimately, a person with AD loses all memory and mental functioning.

The facts that were talked about in the film were questionable; they seemed highly exaggerated to the point where the validity of the facts were sceptical. For example, the documentary stated that if people changed to a plant based diet, patients of diabetes and cancer would not need their medications; rather, they would be cured by just the plant-based diet (Andersen & Kuhn, 2017). Furthermore, they tried to convince the audience that the plant-based diet was a perfect diet for everyone of all body types and health conditions, not just diabetes and cancer patients. However, this is not true, everyone has a different genetic build; therefore, each individual needs a specific diet designed particularly for them (NTNU, 2011). As well, they claimed that high carbohydrates and sugars aren’t the leading cause for diabetes (Andersen, et al., 2017), however there are various studies stating otherwise. The study conducted by Richard Feinman argued that carbohydrate causes increased in blood sugar, which can potentially

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of dementia. The term 'dementia' describes a set of symptoms, which can include memory loss, changes in mood and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when certain diseases and conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, damage the brain. Alzheimer's disease could be described as a physical disease affecting the brain. During the course of the disease, protein 'plaques' and 'tangles' develop

The mother, who is a carrier, inherits an X-Linked or sex-linked faulty gene. The result is producing an affected son and or a daughter being a carrier. The second way is an affected male producing children, particularly daughters. All daughters born to fathers with x-linked muscular dystrophy will be carriers; on the contrary their sons will be unaffected. Scientists link this to a genetic mutation in the gene, appearing most often for the first time in a family.

Alzheimer's disease, first described by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, is a physical disease affecting the brain. During the course of the disease, protein 'plaques' and 'tangles' develop in the structure of the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. People

Alzheimer’s is a systemic disease, meaning that it affects more than one part of the body. There are three major systems that are affected by Alzheimer’s. The first involves the Central Nervous System. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, allowing the nervous system to make the spinal cord and brain function. The Central Nervous System is affected because specific brain proteins begin to malfunction and brain cells die. The loss of brain cells is the reason for memory loss and

Affecting 1 in every 18,000 people, Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetic disease that destroys the myelin sheath surrounding a brain neuron. A brain neuron is an essential cell body that is responsible for muscle contractions and ultimately, our ability to move. Adrenoleukodystrophy is a devastating genetic mutation that affects X-chromosomes in both males and females. However, because males only have one X-chromosome, the outcome is catastrophic.

The first, and maybe most important, mistake made by these researchers was the fact that they did not tell their research subjects what was actually happening. They were promised treatment, but instead were not treated at all. Public health services even went to extreme lengths to make sure the subjects

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder that is passed on through the x chromosomes. Only men are

Aryan Dastaghir, Lai Nam Chan, Nate Maisel, Rejvan Pourasad, Wendy Walker. LQB181 School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, QUT.

The disease most commonly affects individuals that are twenty to fifty years of age. Females make up about seventy percent of all cases. It is still unclear as to what the genetic cause of Cushing’s syndrome is. In only a few cases have mutations in certain genes led to Cushing’s disease. These types of changes are called somatic mutations. These genes play a role in regulating hormonal activity. Most cases of Cushing’s syndrome, however, occur sporadically. Even though it has been reported to run in families, the disease has no apparent pattern of inheritance. The various causes that can ultimately lead to Cushing’s syndrome can have different inheritance patterns. For example, some people may inherit the tendency to cultivate tumors or have adrenal gland

It mostly affects males, who receive the abnormal X gene. Females with one abnormal X chromosome may have some effects of the gene, but the normal X chromosome can offer some protection against the gene. Fabry Disease occurs in all ethnicities and races. Type I occurs in 1 out of 40,000 males and type II is more common affecting 1 in 1,500 to 4,000 males. The prevalence of Fabry Disease in females in unknown due to the disease being X-linked. Unlike other X-linked disorders, Fabry disease causes significant medical problems in many females who have one altered copy of the GLA gene. These women may experience many of the classic features of the disorder, including nervous system abnormalities, kidney problems, chronic pain, and fatigue. They also have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The signs and symptoms of Fabry disease usually begin later in life and are milder in females than in their affected male relatives (ghr,

Adrenoleukodystrophy was first identified in the late 19th century. Many of the cases prior were usually misdiagnosed, such as “diffuse sclerosis” (Engelen, et al., 2012, p. 1) and “Addison-Schilder disease” (Engelen, Kemp, Poll-The, 2014, p. 1). These different phenotypes of X-ALD were often misdiagnosed because of improper tools and knowledge of the disease. Two men, Simmering and Creutzfeldt, were given credit for identifying the first case of Adrenoleukodystrophy due to the connection between cerebral demyelination and Addison’s disease; however, Schaumburg and Powers gave the name Adrenoleukodystrophy and said that it could be a “lipid storage disorder” (Engelen, et al., 2012, p. 2). The disease was thought mostly to only be found in males.

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a sex linked recessive trait the ABCD1 gene resides on the long arm of the X chromosome. Both men and women are at risk, male individuals only require to be hemizygous recessive (single copy of the recessive gene), males express the mutation. Females can either be homozygous normal (dominant), heterozygous carriers. If the mother is a heterozygous for ALD then approximately half of her male offspring would have inherit the trait and approximately half of her female offspring would be carriers. A male positive for ALD would produce no male offspring with the trait while all of his daughters would be carriers.

The XXY syndrome, most commonly known as Klinefelter syndrome (KS), only affects males of all ages. This syndrome occurs when there is a random genetic error after conception and is not curable, however treatment can help.All females have XX chromosome and all males have XY chromosomes. Unlike the normal XY type that all males have, males affected have an additional X chromosome which results into many symptoms such as impaired spermatogenesis, low testosterone, and male hypogonadism. Since Klinefelter syndrome is related to the sex chromosomes of males, it is a sex link trait.