Advantages Of Being A Free Rider

As group size increases even more, Ritzer notes that "the increase in the size of the group or society increases individual

Collective action problems arise in politics because as individuals we are conflicted between our own interest and the interest of the group. Our choice is either to be selfish or cooperate with the group. “It involves building, combining, mixing, and amalgamating people’s individual goals” (Lowi, et al. 13). There are three main theories as to why collective action problems exist. First, according to Mancur Olson individuals are tempted to free-ride which is getting a benefit without contributing to it and that no individual is incentivized to work for the collective good. (Lowi, et al 571). Free-riding becomes a bigger issues as a group gets larger. Second, the Prisoner’s Dilemma is a theory in which there are two individuals in a situation were neither has an incentive to cooperate although both would be better off if they did cooperate. Third, the tragedy of commons occurs when individuals’ use of a resource causes its depletion however it’s supposed to be shared by everyone. Collective action problems are difficult to solve because a group is formed to achieve common goals however as individuals we have different objectives and preferences. This is most evident in politics. My goal in this paper is to provide three different solutions to collective action problems in politics specifically in political parties, electoral process and interest groups.

A collective good is a good or service that cannot be denied to anyone who wants to consume it, such as: clean air, peace, and lower consumer prices (all can be consumed by anyone). In other words, a collective good is accessible and advantageous to anyone who wants to consume it. In terms of interest groups, “collective goods are benefits gained by all members of an interest group (both potential, who are not in the group but share similar ideologies, and actual group members)” (__). The goods cannot be denied from one person without withholding it from everyone else (the entire public). A collective good the National Rifle Association advocates for is 2nd Amendment gun rights, or the right to bear arms, and this is a collective good because

"How Economic Inequality Harms Societies." Richard Wilkinson:. TED Talks, July 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.

There is difficulty in dealing with large groups lack of power is in effect and us often to spread into our groups and start our governments. An infamous example of this is in the 1700’s in which the people of English origin had evolved into two groups of people known as “New England” and “Chesapeake.” Though it started with the same group of individuals, these societies could not be any different. Their cultures, economics, and politics were not identical often leading us historians to question why this differences evolved.

A group is a set of people or things that are considered and classified together who frequently interact and mutually influence each other. Whereas each individual of a group differs greatly from one another, each member shares a common goal or expectations. Universities, for example, are groups of students who are seeking a higher education in a specific area of study. Government parties are groups of people who share certain political beliefs and seek to attain and maintain government power. Wall Street firms are comprised of highly motivated bankers who graduated from the most prestigious universities. Despite the individual differences of every member, the common goal remolds their individualism by inputting its own expectations and goals

This could be both a good result and a bad one. In this paragraph it will be analyzed as a bad result. Growing larger meant that the power that the government already had become ever more powerful. In a way, it also weakened the assemblies, as they grew in number of people taking part in the assembly. This meant that the weakening assembly did not have the stamina or ability

This, however, is a prediction about indi- viduals; it says nothing about the original question of the behavior of freely interacting groups. Most groups do not have preinstructed confederates among their members, and the kind of social influence process described above would, by itself, only lead to a con- vergence of attitudes within a group. Even if each member of the group is entirely guided by the reactions of others, then the group should still respond with a likelihood equal to the average of the individuals.

It is important that members of a group be knowledgeable and skillful in their positions, the degree to which those members can work harmoniously and cooperatively

Social Stratification is the inequality of resources and goods, which are unequally disturbed among people in society. People that are not high in the social status do not receive a lot of the resources and the high ranked people control most of the resources. “Enlightenment thinkers Ferguson and Millar” believed the ownership of private property gave people the motivation to work hard and achieve goals of higher learning prospering at work. The motive of want of material items drives people to worker harder and be productive is the view of Ferguson and Millar, although they agreed that ownership of material items lead to inequality they also stressed it was functional in society. In America individuals are stratified by their socioeconomic

The individual and collective economic power are based on an unfair system, on a system that leads one to believe that "the bigger, the better," and that having

If more than one person was involved in the pursuit of profit the gains would have come from a larger market that one person could not, or did not, know about which would have made the contributions greater. Involving more than one party, depending on the goals of the people involved, would of became a necessity when trying to create a more globalized market for the prosperity of

However, this is not only demonstrable in theory; we can see empirical examples of this holding true in practice as well. Just take a look at nature -- we can easily observe a large variety of species that instinctively live in large, interactive groups in which collective welfare is valued over individual welfare -- wolves, elephants, lions, chimpanzees, meerkats, bison, sheep, antelopes, ants, bees, ducks, small fish, and many more fall into this category. There is a reason why such a

“Group work is a form of voluntary association of members benefiting from cooperative learning that enhances the total output of the activity than when done individually”.

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