American Crow Research Paper

The name Jim Crow was the name of a character created in 1836 by a white American performer. He dressed up in “ill – fitting, tattered garments of a beggar,” and used “burned cork to blacken his face,” playing the part of a stereotypical African American in order to entertain white audiences (Litwack 1998, xiv). The name came to describe “the subordination and separation of black people in the South” as well as laws approved by the government at a state and local level, that enforced racial segregation and allowed for the oppression of blacks in order to stop them from gaining their freedom after the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, was enacted (Litwack 1998, xiv – xv). This was a time where blacks were denied “the basic rights of citizenship

The assignment for this week consist of the students choosing between an organization, a person and a specific event during the Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. Jim Crow laws were implemented throughout the deep south and around the United States. The law for everting from restaurants, churches and even modes of transportation was segregated. Also during that time many cities were operating not only on Jim Crow, but also establishing sundown towns. The civil rights movement was full swing and tensions were high between both whites and blacks. Especially black men because they were fighting for equal rights in how to be treated.

I am writing to inform you about the insight of the famous movie entitled, “The new Jim crow”. There are several insights of this work. Michelle Alexander teaches law at the State University of Ohio, after a career as a civil rights lawyer, both in activist militaries defending fundamental freedoms (she led the Racial Justice Project of the ACLU - American Civil Liberties Union - in Northern California) and in a law firm where she specialized in group actions against racial and gender discrimination. She published in 2010 The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness which became a bestseller and relaunched the debate in the United States on the over-incarceration of black men.

Men are considered to be the leaders and the ones in charge anywhere and all the time right? This common assumption is greatly wrong in today's society as well as many years ago when the indians were a big deal. Many tribes infact did have men as the chiefs and the leaders, however, there were a few tribes such as the Crow tribe that allowed women to be leaders. It was mainly widowed women who had the right to be voted in as leader and chief (Redish). The Crow tribe was once apart of the Hidatsa tribe until they divided and the people known today as the Crows went west and soon entered present day Montana around the 1600s. The tribe's name has two translations, Absaroka and Apsaalooke both meaning “children of the long-beaked birds” (Schmittroth).

My small hometown has no stop lights. My first class in college had more students than my entire high school. I am familiar with both rural and Native communities, as mine was both. This upbringing provided insight into medically underserved areas and small, diverse communities. Ranchester, WY is approximately ten miles from both the Montana border and the Crow Indian Reservation. Many nearby Wyoming ranches extend into Montana and into Reservation lands. Numerous members of the Crow tribe live on the Reservation and attend school in Wyoming, thus, our school system by its very nature fostered cross-cultural understanding. Through my relationships with members of the Crow Nation, I was exposed to much of their culture and tradition.

The Acadian Flycatcher’s range spans from eastern Canada down to northern South America. Throughout their range their population is relatively stable. There are some declines in area, but the population is also increasing elsewhere. (Natureserve) In Wisconsin the species is at its more northern range, making it an already rare site. Furthermore, much of the bird’s

Global warming is a huge threat to many species. It is a much larger threat to species that experience temperature sexual determination. Loggerhead sea turtles are one of many marine species the explicate temperature sexual determination. In order to survive increasing temperature changes due to global warming, loggerhead sea turtles must adapt to the environment to enhance their rate of survival being that they are already an endangered species. To produce a higher hatchling success rate, behavioral adaptations in loggerhead sea turtles may be altered in terms of nesting phenology. Over the years, natural occurring events, such as nesting and migration, have been altered due to the increase in temperature. Many climatic factors such as air temperature, sand temperature, and sea level affect the nesting behaviors of loggerhead sea turtles. The use of satellites and other tools were used to measure the different climatic variables that affect the nesting sites. Results show sea turtles are adapting to the change in climate by altering the timing of nesting, and relocating nesting sites.

Pollution is one negative environmental factor that has had a huge impact on many of the bird populations around the world. The effects of global warming are predicted to affect approximately 11% of the bird species throughout the world. Rising levels of the ocean will also have an effect on many of the coastal bird species in North America. Because many coastal birds

The raven, eagle, and crow populations are growing due to the leftovers of the wolves.

The crow tribe had many myths that they believed in. Including, old man coyote, regular coyote, Thrown behind curtain, Thrown in spring, Nirumbees, and Greasy Beast. Old Man coyote created people, Animals, and the earth. Regular coyote had adventures and got into trouble. Thrown behind curtain and thrown in spring were mythical twin whose mother was killed by a monster. So they grew to be monster slaying twins in the crow stories. Nirumbees were goblin like creatures with sharp teeth and small necks. They can steal anything from objects to children. Greasy Beast is a small hero with a lot of strength and archery skills. All of those are mythical creatures told in the crow stories.

Did you know that an albatross has the largest wingspan of any living bird? Moreover, an albatross can sometimes surprisingly live into their sixties. The scientific name of the bird is a Diomedeidae. A higher classification would be Procellariiformes. Global warming could cause this bird’s population number to skyrocket. Due to wind speeds, these birds spend less time finding food and more time mating and repopulating.

Life has existed on Earth for a few billions years and it is the evolution of life that has changed the physical nature of Earth. As life diversified, several mass extinction events occurred. We are currently experiencing the sixth mass extinction. The sixth mass extinction accounts for the loss of biodiversity induced by humans (Anthropocene) (George Jackman 2017). For example, currently anthropogenic greenhouse gases are the highest in history which affects the changes in climate (“Global Climate Change” 2014). Climate refers to “long-term average expectations over the various seasons at a given location” (Sadvana et al. 2014, 25). Today’s rapid climate change is thought to be due to increasing atmospheric CO2 from burning fossil fuels. Tremendous concentration of atmospheric CO2 will lead to an increase in earth's average temperature, change rainfall patterns, melt glaciers and ice caps, and raise sea levels (“Global Climate Change” 2014). Climate is an an environmental factor that many species rely on. Unfortunately, the Earth’s climate has shifted dramatically within the last 10,000 years, with some climate changes being more rapid than others (George Jackman 2017). Climate changes affect nesting, migration patterns, life cycles, and population size of many organisms on Earth. Failure to adapt to the changing climate forces species to move to temperatures that are more conducive to their survival or endure extinction. Simoncini et al. 2014, 243)

In contemporary American society, it is considered illegal constitutionally to discriminate or hold prejudice against someone based on their skin color. However, according to Michelle Alexander’s New Jim Crow, police officers are frequently using skin color as a basis to stop-and-frisk members of society. As stated in Alexander’s argument, there is a racial caste system that has been implemented into the fundamental structures of American society and it is creating social inequality for the people.

Climate changes affect ecosystems by altering the water cycle, natural habitats and leading to the changes in food sources, animal migration and the timing of natural processes such as flowering. Disruption of the ecosystems increase the risk of extinction for many species. Animals and plants need to adapt to the environmental change on a fast and bigger scale which put great danger to those species. Changes that disrupt the functioning of ecosystems may increase the risk of harm or even extinction for some species. According to the National Audubon Society (2014), the winter center of abundance of the 305 north American bird species moved northward by over 40 miles between 1966 and 2013. This moving is closely related to the higher winter temperatures. Nearly 50 species moved northward over 200 miles.

Anthropogenic climate warming has elevated the global temperature, and it has risen faster during the last 40 years. There is no doubt that the temperature change has affected the biological process of birds such as wintering, migration and breeding. (K Meller 2016) Also the increasing temperature can cause a poleward geographical distribution.( Rachael H, et al, 2006)