An Analysis Of A Network Protocol : Project Analysis

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

In this modern day and age of computing, networks are a huge part of IT. It is important now more than ever that data sent over any network, whether it be a LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network; The Internet) is kept safe, private (when required) and uninterrupted in

TCP/IP is a protocol which transfers data across a network. It allows two different computers to communicate well even if they use different codes. Putting both computers into a new common code language which both computers

1-2). Now, the importance of protocols when communicating between computers is beyond critical because without the implementation of communication protocols between computers, there is no communication or interaction between computers at all! No communication between company computers and to internet databases would set a company back to the point of extinction.

LAND DOS attacks: Local Area Network Denial attack is a DoS attack in which a special poison spoofed packet in send to a computer, causing it to lock up itself in a loop.

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is defined for use with IP network layer protocol in the transport layer protocol. It provides a best-effort datagram service to an End System (IP host). It uses a simple connectionless transmission model with a minimum of protocol mechanism. It uses no handshaking dialogues, and thus the user's program is exposed to any unreliability of the underlying network protocol. There is no guarantee of delivery, ordering, or duplicate protection. UDP provides checksums for data integrity, and port numbers for addressing different functions at the source and destination of the datagram.

3. Since UDP doesn’t have an acknowledgement protocol built in, RPC should have one written in so that the chance of lost packets is reduced (Dordal, 2016).

The internet layer is built up of four core protocols: IP, IGMP, ICMP and ARP. Internet protocol (IP) is responsible for routing, IP addressing and breakdown/reassembly of data packets, address resolution protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address to a device on the local network, internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides diagnostic information and error reports on lost packets, internet group management protocol (IGMP) controls who receives IP datagrams in a single transmission. The transport layer is built up of two core protocols: TCP and UDP. Transmission control protocol (TCP) sequences and acknowledges packets sent and their recovery when lost in transmission allowing the computer to make and maintain network conversations where applications exchange data, defined as a connection-oriented protocol meaning the connection is maintained until the programs has finished exchanging data. User datagram protocol (UDP) This is used to transfer small amounts of data when the use of error correction isn’t needed increasing the speed of the transmission, common in multi-player video games as the user will not need to receive packets of past events in the game so the error correction featured in (TCP) would be

Also, UDP is connectionless which means that there is no need for creating a connection first before sending out data and have more control over when data is sent out. Because data corruption is a common occurrence on the internet, UDP has a primitive form of error detection but it is not that reliable because it doesn't recover the error it just will be discarded. Even if the network is busy, UDP will try to cram packets in the network and this is a bad strategy because it will cause more collisions. Here where TCP comes, for having certain features that make the connection more reliable. However, it also has a bigger communication over than UDP. TCP's connection is based on negotiating first before doing anything, this known as the three-way handshake. If any error is detected, TCP offers retransmission when a receiver doesn't get a delivery a package. So, it will send it again guaranteeing your data to reach its destination in time and without duplication. Since all the work is done by the operating system, It automatically breaks up data into packets for you. So you just need to sit back and watch the show. Even the debugging is taken care of by your OS and if there are bugs in your OS, then you will face many problems like problems in surfing and downloading contents from the net. I do prefer the TCP service because it does all the work for you

i) Application layer makes use of the ftp protocol. FTP uses TCP only but it does not use UDP. In normal circumstances an application layer will only use one or the other hence no need to use UDP for its transport needs.

RFC 1180: This RFC is based on a tutorial of TCP/IP protocol. The focus of this tutorial is to tell how the datagram is forwarded from source to destination. The distribution of this memo is unlimited. This RFC defines the key points of TCP/IP, it completely skips the history and development of TCP/IP. It just gives a minimum information related to TCP/IP which is only understandable by technical

Alternative type of attack is called a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. DDoS attacks are launched form numerous linked devices that are spread across the Internet. They are commonly harder to deflect, because of their sheer volume of devices involved. Unlike DoS attacks, DDoS assaults be apt to target the system infrastructure in an effort to drench it with huge volumes of traffic.

Peterson, L. L., & Davie, B. S. (2011). Computer Networks, Fifth Edition: A Systems Approach (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking). Morgan Kaufmann.

There are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of the features that UDP possesses that are not provided by TCP/IP. First, UDP is a connectionless protocol (No handshake), which means packets sent from one node to another without making sure whether any packet may be lost during the transfer. TCP, on the other hand, makes sure to establish a connection in order to send the packets from one node to another without losing any packets. It is also known as handshake process, where nodes synchronize (SYN),

The transport layer: This layer determines how the packets are transported such as the order and what to do if there are errors. The purpose of this layer is to make sure the data be transported correctly. Besides, due to the limitation of physic (maximum IP packet size is 65535bits), the speed of transportation is limited. As a result, this layer needs break big data in to small packets. This can also collect small data into a big packet to reduce unnecessary transmission, which can improve the transmitting speed. Example protocols are TCP, UDP, SCTP.