An Introduction To Psychology . The American Psychological

The movement was founded by John B. Watson, and one of his biggest premises was that thoughts were unobservable and, therefore, should not be studied. Actions, or behaviors, on the contrary, were the only objective aspects worthy of scientific inquiry. Such proponents of this theory include classic experimental psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner. The major tenets of behaviorism are targeted at a stimulus and a response. For example, an individual was placed in this situation which caused them to behave this way.

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that combines the elements of theory, philosophy and methodology. Behaviorism refers to that school of psychology that was founded by Watson. It was basically based on the assumption or belief that it is possible to change, train and measure behaviors (Drisoll, 2000). Behaviorism is a psychological school of thought that was established when Watson published his classic paper "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" (1913). The terms behaviorism is, therefore, that psychological perspective whose its explanations about learning are actually based on the relationship that exists between the events in the environment and behaviors that can be observed rather than on internal processes. It came up in the early 20th century basically as a reaction to the "mentalistic" psychology, which often was incapable of making predictions that rigorous experimental methods could be a test (Watson, 2008).

Philosophy consists of many diverse schools of thought, one of which is Existentialism. Existentialism is based upon the analysis of human existence, our purpose in life, and how we find ourselves existing in the world. In other words, existentialism is a form of philosophy which is focused on finding the self and our meaning of life through our ability to have free will in our choices. Existentialists believe that humans have free will and that humans determine their fate through their own choices in life; however, existentialists do not believe that humans are innately good but ruined by external forces or that people have no fault in their affairs. (Allaboutphilosophy.org). There have been many existentialist philosophers throughout history, those of which include Soren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, but most importantly, Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche was a highly influential German philosopher who developed his central points of his own philosophy which was centered around the idea that people should explore what it means to be human and not let society establish what is morally correct. Nietzche is an nineteenth century existentialist philosopher who believed that man was responsible for his own actions; he foresaw the dissolution of traditional religion and metaphysics (Wilkerson). Nietzsche suggests that by defeating societal norms and embracing every aspect of life, humans can achieve their full potential.

When you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term “psyche” is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestalt (Wertheimer, Perls), psychoanalytic (Freud), behaviorism (Skinner), humanistic psychology (Maslow, Rogers), cognitive (Bandura), biological (many), and eclectic which is the combination of schools. Psychologists today apply these different schools when dealing with their subjects, depending on the issue at hand.

Existentialists as all philosophies examine the big questions in life, called the Human condition by many; existentialists ask questions, about why we are here, what is our purposes and how shall I live my life (Introduction to Existentialism, 2012)? One of the main strengths about existentialism is how they reject movements, thinking or philosophies that are all encompassing and have beliefs that everyone should behave, act or surmise their views on life in the same manner, these are contrary to the existentialists views, especially these issues pertaining to the human condition. One such example is Christianity, because Christianity gives everyone the same options, existentialists reject these beliefs. Therefore existentialism postulates a more individualized approach and believes that everyone should determine what is morally right for themselves rather than follow a one size fits all approach. I think we all have a right to decide our own path regardless of what others try to teach as being the truth and we all should find the truth for ourselves.

“I took a test in Existentialism. I left all the answers blank and got 100”. This quote was said by Woody Allen, a comedian and actor. This quote explains existentialism well because through this philosophy people have their own free will to make any decision they want. The idea that the individual, not society or religion, is responsible for giving meaning to life is true as well as logical. Existentialism is the approach to understanding human existence, based on the assumption that individuals are free and responsible for their own choices and actions. It supports this statement because its saying that humans can think and choose whatever they want to be and it allows humans to understand that they have unlimited potential.

Existentialism is a philosophy that puts emphasis on the existence of a person’s freedom or life. In a human point of view, it means to believe in oneself, not a group or religion. (33)

Behaviorism is one of the perspectives used to help get a better understanding of people. John B. Watson, an American psychologist, founded behaviorism while studying people. While others studied the conscious experience, Watson studied behavior. He switched the study of psychology

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence in terms of freedom and choice. It is the perspective that humans define their own meaning in life by making rational decisions. Even though we live in an irrational world, we are in charge of finding meaning of live through performing accurate actions.

John B Watson created the theory of Behaviorism. (Culatta, 2015) Behaviorism has a major impact on my learning style. The instructor dictated how I will learn with the assignments that are given to me. By the instructor grading the paper, I am writing, as an A through F, positive or negative, will change by behavior to adapt to the circumstances of the class and what the instructor wants

During the 20th century, many philosophers including Communists and Christians were criticizing a surging attitude commonly known as “existentialism”. Communists, for example, argued that the emphasis that existentialism has on individual choice leads to contemplation rather than to action. Christians reproached the way that existentialists overlook the dignity that originates from being created from the image of God. Also, publics viewed subjectivity in existentialism as a bad thing because if human values originate from subjective human choices, then all human action is arbitrary. They argued that from one 's own subjective point of view, whatever one does is the right thing. Therefore, this creates the notion that life does not have predetermined values. In other words: to an existentialist, there is no such thing as a standard of values because there is no God or perfect being to

Existentialism is a philosophical theory based on individuals creating their own way of life and determining their own fate within acts of free will. The existentialism theory started as a movement by Kierkegaard and Nietzche after World War II and was based on attitude. The attitude was developed as a specific view of the world unable to be acceped.

Existentialism is a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will. Many authors, including Franz Kafka, and Albert Camus have written about existential beliefs and lifestyles in their work. The Stranger by Albert Camus, tells of a character named Mersault who’s life throughout the book is ever showing existential ideas. Mersault lives a very repetitive life and has little to no enthusiasm about what he does. In some instances, Mersault takes responsibility for is actions while other times he tries to blame what he’s done on something else.

The Merriam – Webster Dictionary defines existentialism as a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe and the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad (Merriam, 2011). In other words, an existentialist believes that our natures are the natures we make for ourselves, the meaning of our existence is that we just exist and there may or may not be a meaning for the existence, and we have to individually decide what is right or wrong and good or bad for ourselves. No one can answer any of those things for us. A good

     John B. Watson was an early psychologist that didn't agree with many other psychologist's ideas about learning only relating to consciousness and thought processes. As the founder of behaviorism, Watson studied learning in a behavioral perspective, an approach that emphasizes the relationship between outwardly observable behaviors and environmental events, rather than mental processes.