Analysis Of 'Artic Refuge' By Jimmy Carter

Roosevelt was a true conservationist at heart. The Theodore Roosevelt Association stated, “As a boy, Theodore Roosevelt wanted to be a naturalist, a scientist who revels in and examines nature,” and he was “…an avid adventurer and lover of nature, dedicated himself to protecting both wildlife and natural resources” ("The CONSERVATIONIST"). As the President, he never forgot his dreams as a child, and he set out to preserve an immense amount of US regions so all Americans could enjoy. He especially had the future generations in mind ("The CONSERVATIONIST"). He realized something must be done for he believed at the rate of deforestation, and harvesting of other recourses, it wouldn't take long for it all to vanish. To fight the recourse of losing all the rich natural resources and splendorous landscape across the US, he created national parks and landmarks to preserve and protect these beautiful natural miracles. “Roosevelt provided federal protection for almost 230 million acres of land,” for national use, so these majestic places were protected from harm due to commercialism ("The CONSERVATIONIST"). He established 150 national forests, 5 national parks, the 1st of 51 federal bird reservations, 24 reclamation, and 4 national game preserves, including 18 national monuments in his time. By establishing these parks and landmarks, it allowed Americans and tourists, alike, the

One of America’s greatest conservation achievements is the Wilderness Act of 1964. Fifty-two years later, this act has a legacy to withhold. A legacy that meant something in 1964 and remains the same today: to protect unspoiled land. Even though, through this act millions of acres have been conserved, the key word is continue. That is why America should pass laws to preserve the wilderness before developers spoil them.

In the 1940's and 1950's, Secretary of the Interior, Fred Seaton, designated 8.9 million acres of coastal plain and mountains of northeast Alaska as a refuge.[iii] The remaining part of the 23 million acres became multiple use land, which included uses such as oil and gas development and exploration. In 1968 the largest oil field in North America was discovered in Prudhoe Bay also in northern Alaska. Reserves of oil were also believed to exist in what is now known as Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. In 1978-79 the House of Representatives passed legislation designating the refuge as wilderness. The Senate however, required studies of wildlife and petroleum resources and potential impacts of development on the wildlife.[iv] In 1980 President Carter signed Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act into law (ANILCA). ANILCA doubled the size of the refuge, making it roughly 20 million acres and named it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).[v]

“Conservation laws” (document 8) positively impacted the environment, especially the National Conservation Commision (1909) which was put in place to conserve US natural resources. The National Reclamation Act raised money from the sale of public lands which funded irrigation programs in western states. This Act was installed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1902 “to increase” the land’s “usefulness” (document 6), the irrigation systems allowed crops, animals, and people to prosper. In addition, perhaps the most important act, the National Park Service Act which was enacted in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson after he expressed that “we have not stopped to conserve the exceeding bounty of nature (document 2). The Act was put in place to conserve “scenery”, “natural and historic landmarks”, “wildlife therein” and to “provide enjoyment for future generations”(The National Park Service Act). Environmental issues in the Gilded Age such as resources depletion, ecosystem destruction, air pollution, and public land exploitation all lead to the environmental reforms of the Progressive

He believed that conservation can make forests more productive and valuable to industry, and he wanted all Americans to enjoy parklands. In his second term, Teddy created 150 national forests, increased the amount of protected land from 42 million acres to 172 million acres, 18 national monuments, 5 national parks, and 51 wildlife refuges. These places were off limits to development, commercial exploitation, and industry. His influence made conservation a popular topic for the government.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt the thirty-second President of the United States of America, and the founder of welfare programs was criticized immensely for his work. Completing a tremendous amount of work in the first one-hundred days of his presidency. Reversal of the Great Depression was underway. No thanks to FDR’s predecessor Herbert Hoover whose views supported limited government involvement in economic affairs, leaving the situation to worsen and citizens to fend for themselves. So when FDR came to office with his favorite can of “alphabet soup” relief was on the way and no one was prepared. FDR’s welfare programs did more good for the nation than harm.

In the twenty-first century there are no other issues that have been more impactful and significant than issues regarding human rights. Jimmy Carter, throughout his whole life, has voiced his opinion on many significant cultural issues that were not only impactful back then, but are also impactful today. Jimmy Carter has addressed issues from women's rights, to the treatment of African Americans, and to the discrimination of the poor. Everything Carter has said about how we should handle these certain situations have carried into the twenty-first century where people around the world are living out Carter’s teachings. Carter made a specific act to help protect and deal with the civil rights of the different groups of people in the world. Jimmy

President Obama has recently established the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument off of the coast of New England. The monument is the first in the Atlantic Ocean and measures in at 4,913 square miles, roughly

Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), the crowned jewel of the nation’s 544 refuges is in danger of destruction (Lamar and Markey 12). ANWR has been in existence since 1960 and has slowly become one of the most controversial topics to hit Congress. ANWR is composed of 19 million acres on the northeast coast of Alaska. Although the government has been provided with this immense land they are fighting to gain more land. Why? ANWR is the second biggest oil field that is owned by the U.S. Now the government wants more land to construct oil reserves. The refuge is home to many endangered species such as migratory birds, polar bears, and wolves (Lynne and Roberts 1). Most of ANWR’s designated oil area is owned by indigenous Alaskan

This rapid expansion of the west resulted in the destruction of wildlife as Americans pillaged the frontier for mineral and wood resources. Theodore himself was a huntsman, rancher, and enthusiast of nature, so the destruction of the land appalled him. In response to the destruction of the environment, the Newlands Act of 1902 was passed which authorized Washington to “collect money from the sale of public lands in the sun-baked western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects”(Bailey, Kennedy and Cohen). As a result of this act being passed, dozens of dams were built across the western frontier within the upcoming decades. Furthermore, Roosevelt also set aside 125 million acres of land to preserve the nation’s forests.

Dwight D. Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States of America. He was a Republican who served two terms from 1953-1961. When he was President he signed legislations that expanded the social security, improved minimum wage and created the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. One of the social policies that Dwight D. Eisenhower signed was the Refugee Relief Act of 1953, which was enacted on August 7th, 1953. This law is a federal legislation that created a means of admitting displaced people outside the state quota system on an emergency basis. The Refugee Relief act gave 205,000 immigration visas. Another policy that Eisenhower signed into law was The Submerged Land Act of 1953, this is a federal law that recognized

To improve the environment, he expanded the national park system by adding 103,000,000 acres of Alaskan land.​

We were looking through a textbook and found information on the Camp David Accords and decided to look into the topic. As we learned more about the Accords we grew more interested and wanted to continue researching them. We found it very admirable how the men of three different religions came together to make a compromise during the negotiations. Achieving peace in the Middle East is very seldom, and for this reason we concluded the Accords would be the perfect topic.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter ran for president and gained attention from many people in which he promised substantial changes in the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. He wanted to make a shift by infusing new morality in American diplomacy, one that is established in the strive for human rights. The Carter administration then created a human rights strategy that would serve as the basis of Carter’s foreign policy. Many social conservatives voted for Jimmy Carter because they wanted to stick to tradition. Jimmy Carter is a Democrat and even attracted Republicans to the Democratic party. While Jimmy Carter is a conservative Democrat, his widespread for support for international human rights sparked controversy with his social conservative supporters.

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, comprising more than nineteen million acres in the northern corner of Alaska, is unique and one of the largest units of the National Wildlife system. The Arctic Refuge has long been recognized as an unparalleled place of natural beauty and ecological importance. The Arctic Refuge was established to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity, as well as provide the opportunity for local residents to continue their subsistence way of life. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which