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Analysis Of Douglas Hibbs 's The American Political Economy

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Douglas Hibbs, in his work “The American Political Economy” also focused on income growth like Tufte. His works focus on voters as responding not only to income growth within the election year but also look at income growth from the last four years. Essentially voters will evaluate their current economic status or the status of the nation but won’t stop there like in Tufte model but also examines the overall state of the economy for the fast four years and (Hibbs). Most other research that examines income growth and the vote, typically use a model of the presidential vote which measures from the 2nd or 3rd quarter of the election year.
Income growth is not the only objective economic indicator, some researchers use the gross domestic product for voter prediction. According to Kristen Monroe voter prediction using GDP usually produce similar vote prediction estimate than model reliant on the income growth. Monroe believe that similarity of the prediction implies that economic indicator are inter connected. Due to the fact that an increase in GDP tend to trigger an increase in income, reduce unemployment rate and improve public opinion (Monroe)
Most of the academic research between the relationship of the economy and presidential elections categorize voters as either retrospective or prospective voter. Morris Fiorna, in his work “Economic Retrospective Voting in American National Elections: A Micro-Analysis” discusses about the retrospective economic voter hypothesis

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