Introduction Gender has an odd way of creeping into every aspect of our lives. How ones sits, how one speaks, and what one wears are coded by gender to the point where many people attempt to determine and indeed expect how women and men will act before they do so. It would be no surprise then that when one talks about nation-states, we do the same. We collectively assign nation-states genders, mostly along Western and Eastern lines, and we expect the nation-states to act accordingly. David Henry Hwang, author of M. Butterfly, describes the scenario through one of his characters, Song Liling, as “The West thinks of itself as masculine – big guns, big industry, big money – so the East is feminine – weak, delicate, poor…but good at art, and full of inscrutable wisdom – the feminine mystique” (Hwang 1988). Hwang lays out this relationship between the East and West as a relationship between man and woman. He further states that “The West believes the East, deep down, wants to be dominated – because a woman can’t think for herself…You expect Oriental countries to submit to your guns, and you expect Oriental women to be submissive to your men” (Hwang 1988). This relationship would be abusive at best but the question arises, how can the West be masculine but be hailed as a bastion of gender equality at the same time? A good society would be one centered on equality and one aspect of that would be gender equality. Women comprise half of the world’s population – 3.5 billion people –
In the Time of the Butterflies during the 1940s, in the Dominican Republic, the ruler or dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo punished people if they didn’t do as he told them and plenty of other cruel things. He ruled for about 30 years, so the people were tortured for quite a long time. He became the dictator by eliminating everyone who had power above him. He even married his wives just to use them to get the the top and control everyone. It was just an unfair way to handle things and an unfair country overall. In her book, “In the Time of the Butterflies,” Julia Alvarez incorporates the history of the famous Mirabal sisters by telling the history of their life and how it was back then for their Dominican Republic country. Julia Alvarez
Throughout history, women were labeled as the inferior sex. It wasn’t until 1920—less than one hundred years ago—that women obtained the right to vote in the United States with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment (History, par. 11). In recent years, women have obtained much more respect than their ancestors, but sexism still runs rampant in various parts of the world. The social realm is not the only thing affected by male dominance; birth rates and population growth rates in countries such as India and China are also greatly altered by gender imbalance. Mara Hvistendahl provides information on the negative impact of global gender imbalance in her essay, Missing: 163 Missing Women. Alternatively, Kwame Anthony Appiah suggests in his
Throughout history women have always been minimized from social, sexual , and political aspects juxtaposed to men. Just like in the novel In the Time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez, the author uses the Mirabal sisters to demonstrate the inequalities set in the Dominican Republic. The dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo causes the Mirabal sisters to come together and overthrow Trujillo’s regime.Trujillo. Rafael Trujillo was despised by many yet many were forced to worship him like some type of paragon. As the novel progresses, illustrations of male dominance often appear throughout each chapter. The Mirabal sisters: Minerva, Patria, Maria Teresa and Dede each demonstrate the ability to overcome stigmas in order to obtain freedom.
Julia Alvarez’s novel In the Time of the Butterflies shows the lack of fairness in society and the importance of maintaining a strong family bond. Trujillo was not fair between men and women and granting men the rights to do whatever they want. The Mirabal sisters’ revolutionary against president Trujillo and fighting for freedom of the country and its people. In Saudi Arabia women are now granted to drive, but there some other things that men can do but women cannot. The Mirabal family has a strong maintain of a family bond. Minerva is one of the four sisters who is brave and had the courage to stand for others and started the revolution against the president.
apt at pushing the campaign for women’s suffrage, many do not even stop to consider supposedly oppressive and impoverished communist regimes as the furnaces in which female rights were first forged. The majority of world history consists of the disputes and bloodshed created by men, perpetrated by men, and for men, all while blatantly disregarding women as trivial and powerless. Pre-Communist Revolution women’s rights comprised of sexist stereotypes that strictly limited the amount of achievements that women could accomplish. Traditional Chinese society was formed through strict social structures that defined daily life in the three obediences: women had
As a woman I have always thought that all men were superior to women in a society viewpoint. Black men superior to black women, Hispanic men superior to Hispanic women, and of course, white men superior to, well, all women, especially women of color, and men of color. However, when reading the article “All Men Are Not Created Equal” I had realized that Asian men are significantly inferior to Asian women in western society. I never really thought about the imbalance until just today, reading the article despite having always seen it in my day-to-day life. I really enjoyed how the author, Yen Le Espiritu, focused on the historical reason as to why Asian women are seen as more valuable in western society than Asian men. I, of course, had learned about Chinese and Japanese immigration and the Japanese internment in my high school history class, but I was never taught the societal and family issues that these events had sparked.
“Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.” (Andre Gide) In the novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, written by Julia Alvarez, four sisters are led through a risk infested journey in which they must overcome hindrances with hollow consequences. This historical fiction novel takes us through a rollercoaster of events, incorporating everything from the partialities towards women, to life below the oppressive administration of the Dominican Republic’s dictator, Rafael Trujillo. The events painted by the four sisters give us some insight as to the positives and negatives of life in the Dominican Republic. As the novel progresses, we see the diversity in relation to the
To understand how femininity and masculinity is aligned in Asian countries, it is important to understand the political events of the time and how this influences the domains of men and women. Each evolvement of a country, through a political sphere, seeks a new identity and thus helps correlates the understanding of the changing definition of femininity and masculinity. This interrelation is illustrated in countries such as China and Japan, where both adheres to the notion of Confucian teaching and both countries undergo rapid ramifications, ideals of masculinity stems from the same concept ‘wen-wu’
The setting in the two novels plays important roles in both of the plots. In The Butterfly Revolution, the setting shifts in the very beginning of the story. In the journal Winston Weyn receives for his birthday from his uncle, he describes his home. Winston also shares with us that from his parents he half-heartedly accepted a trip to High Pines for the summer. Winston was not like most boys, and instead of playing baseball and doing things that most boys do, he read books. This bothered his brother Howard, which just encouraged Winston to read more and more. His father and mother, both concerned, had multiple talks with Winston but none of these talks resulted in anything. “And here I am, sitting on a thin and kind of smelly narrow mattress on my bunk in a cabin at High Pines” (22). He went from the comfort of his own bed to the smelly mattress of High Pines. The central conflict of the story begins at the camp. This shift of setting allows the real story to begin. Later in the novel, the setting shifts again. Some of the boys begin to venture off into the girls camp, or Low Pines. After the revolution has begun, they take over the girl camp, also. If the girls’ camp was not involved, two out of the three deaths would have been prevented. John Mason would not have died under the
“In the Time of the Butterflies” takes place in the Dominican Republic in the 1960s. The author, Julia Alvarez is a native of the country, but moved to the US at a young age. She first heard about the sisters roughly around 1986 and instantly felt the need to share their story with the world. In the book, Alvarez tells the story of the Mirabal sisters and their fight for freedom against the Dominican dictator Trujillo. Rafael Trujillo reigned for about 30 years until his assassination in May of 1961. Trujillo’s reign of terror began in 1930 and the violence soon followed. The self centered dictator changed the names of cities and murdered roughly about 20,000 Haitians from the neighboring country. The book not only tells the sisters’
M butterfly a play by David Henry Hwang has captivated audiences for many years! I love story with many twist and turns M butterfly describes an affair between a Chinese “women” and a French diplomat that caries on for 20 years only to discover that the Women was actually a man. A spy for the communist party sent to get information on the Vietnam war, but Gillard was to stubborn to see it until Liling the Chinese opera singer is sent to France where she is found to be a man in court. Through this we can see the relationship between Gender, capitalism and ethnicity/ nationality and sexuality.
A person may search their whole life for love. Some are lucky enough to find the perfect someone, and some are not. The one’s who are not as lucky can sometimes create their own idea of their ideal partner, but never actually find them. In D.H. Hwang’s play M. Butterfly, a man by the name of Gallimard creates his own idea of the perfect partner. He falls in love with a woman by the name of Song, who turns out to be not what he expected. Song is actuality a Chinese spy disguised as a woman. Hwang illustrates in the play M. Butterfly, people are not always who they perceive to be. Through Gallimards love for song, his portrayal for the East and West, and Gallimards obsession with
In this paper I argue that in Walter Mosley's White Butterfly, Mosley uses the detective genre to counter stereotypes and myths regarding black masculinity. Mosley uses the protagonist Easy Rawlins to restore the image of the black man in America and to give readers a better understanding of black men in America. Easy Rawlins in many aspects can be seen as a role model. The book was published in 1992 and the setting is 1956, in Watts, Los Angeles California. A few years into the Civil Rights movement where blacks are struggling for equality.
Gendered Identities in Nations and States, by Inderpal Grewal, a Professor of Women’s Studies at the University of California in Irvine, and Caren Kaplan, an Associate Professor of Women and Gender Studies, examines the connection between patriarchal nation-states and citizenship in relation to the formation of identity. The formation of an identity is influenced by various factors, such as an individual’s environment, race, sexuality, and religion, however, Grewal and Kaplan note that it is not always a natural process
To begin, may be a bit abruptly, I would like to quote from Edward Said's Orientalism ::"The relationship between Occident and Orient is a relationship of power , of domination , of varying degrees of a complex hegemony…" And he mentions Flaubert's impression of an Egyptian courtesan ..that she was ever silent and never represented her emotions, presence, or history. Flaubert as the male, superior, occidental has all the right to present her as "typically Oriental''—she is denied her own 'voice'. My idea is that 'GENDER' formed one of the pillars on which EMPIRE was constructed and the binaries namely "male/superior" and "female/inferior" contributed to the structure of Imperialism. It is again an empire/colonizer and nation/colonized binary system.