"The most dangerous thing to any society is a man with nothing to lose”. James A. Baldwin
These famous words spoken by author James A. Baldwin highlight a universal truth. In every society the unemployed and unproductive are detrimental to the public good. The public policy of the Mayoral Government of Chicago has led to an ineffective and harmful modality, which has manifested itself into the colloquially titled “Chiraq”. Comparative analysis of the City Zoning and Population Migration between 1985 and 2012 depict a relationship between incidents of housing closure and a general increase in crime. Throughout the city of Chicago the neighborhoods with the highest population of displaced people tend to be the ones most susceptible to high rates of crime, and unemployment. Moreover, the sociological framework of labeling theory typifies why and how these housing closures manifest in upticks in crime and social unrest.
For this assignment I chose to examine one neighborhood in particular, the far north housing community named Cabrini Green (Chicago’s biggest housing project). The community is ideal for study due to its proximity to the heart of Chicago, as well as its intractable poverty, which since the Great Depression has steadily worsened. Cabrini Green was initially designed to house veterans and their families after the end of World War Two. The apartments made up of a series eight stories high raises, designed to house a total of 3,600 housing units. Due to
When a neighborhood is gentrified it will not only change the image of it, but also the services available there (Al-Kodmany 2011, 62-63). In other words, gentrification does not only have an impact on the physical aspect of the land, but also the resources that lie there. During the 90s, the Near West Side neighborhood located near Loop, an up-scale neighborhood, sought drastic changes within the area. The changes in racial demographics in the Near West Side indicated that the health risks that affected minorities dropped in the past decade (1992-2002) (Al-Kodmany 2011,
The purpose for writing this essay is to demonstrate how gentrification is shaping the Culture and identity for Halrmites from the socio-economic perspective. Harlem has changed dramatically over the last two decades due to improvement in housing stock and outside investments into the community. However, in my essay, I articulated my ideas toward the economic aspect of gentrification because gentrification is driven by class, not race. My audience would be the lower income Harlem residents who have been displaced or on the verge of displacement because their wealth is not contributing to the economy. The people who have been preserving the cultural identity of Harlem for decades now forced to leave the community. I tried my best to connect a broader audience by explaining the deteriorated housing condition of Harlem and how it led to gentrification. This will help reader
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people
In 1942, apartments and row houses were being built in Lincoln Park and the Gold Coast, two of Chicago’s wealthiest neighborhoods, after the court case of Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority. Being one of the first cities to implement public housing, the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) was in charge of the
Chicago’s Cabrini-Green public housing project is notorious in the United States for being the most impoverished and crime-ridden public housing development ever established. Originally established as inexpensive housing in the 1940’s, it soon became a vast complex of unsightly concrete low and high-rise apartment structures. Originally touted as a giant step forward in the development of public housing, it quickly changed from a racially and economically diverse housing complex to a predominantly black, extremely poor ghetto. As it was left to rot, so to speak, Cabrini-Green harbored drug dealers, gangs and prostitution. It continued its downward spiral of despair until the mid 1990’s when the Federal Government assumed control the
He describes the white flight from the inner cities to the suburbs, leaving neighborhoods with high concentrations of poor minorities behind. The Missing Class examines a similar theme of gentrification of neighborhoods, illuminated by the example of the Floyd family in the Clinton Hill neighborhood in north central Brooklyn. “Once in decline, the neighborhood is now on the upswing . . . various factories have shut their doors, the affordable housing has disappeared, and upscale apartments have sprouted.” (Newman & Chen, pg. 12). The Floyds lost their one financial asset, their home, when they were swindled by a contractor who promised to fix up the house, and allow them to pay their loan off over time. The Floyds lament about the influx of affluent white Yuppies in their neighborhood, a place where they know everyone and have lived for the past twenty years, wondering what it will mean for the neighborhood’s identity, wondering if it will still be a black neighborhood. According to another neighbor, despite the rising prices, most black residents won’t sell their homes. “Their family roots are in the South, where property carries with it both tradition and responsibility” (pg. 15). Clearly, the loss of a house or a neighborhood could deeply affect a person’s sense of self and a sense of pride, leaving someone grasping for their once stable identity.
In the communities I grew up in, there were frequent changing circumstances that actually left my family not really as part of the community. From dingy, cheap and tiny places for rent, there has been significant points brought to the attention of the reader in this book that could attribute to the failure and success of neighborhoods. In Suburban Nation, the opening pages give a lot of insight on the issues that can come from these big and fancy, new housing developments.
In the 1970s ghettos came to be a place of social isolation because of the segregation between the Whites, and the Blacks. As a result, blacks were doomed to stay in the poor neighborhoods because of racial issues among the people. The ghettos were formed by the government putting the black people in communities such as “black belts”, “darkytowns”, “Bronzevilles”, or ”Nigger towns” that are surrounded by poorly impoverished and well educated middle-class blacks who were forced to move in these neighborhoods, ones that are set up for failure. The ghettos were kept because whites began to fear integration and they did not want Blacks to be near their sight. Gentrification reshape the ghettos by providing resources that will benefit the Blacks and also increasing rents, building new builds and how the whites were
The history of Chicago’s public housing can be traced back to the early twentieth century during the Great Migration, when hundreds of thousands of African-Americans
The Articles of the “Boyd Defensive Development” and “Hwang & Sampson Gentrification” discuss the idea of Gentrification through analytics, examples, and deep research through the city of Chicago during a relative time. The Boyd Defensive Development uses historical and ethnographic research to strategically protect total control of their neighborhoods by white residents and developers. Hwang and Sampson Gentrification uses many social observations with examples from google maps, census data, etc. to reflect effects on Gentrification throughout communities.
“Gentrification” captures class disparities and injustices created by capitalist urban land markets and policies. This in turn can cause an increasing house expense encumbrance for low-income and working-class households, and the associated personal catastrophes of displacement, removal, and homelessness, are symptoms of a set of institutional arrangements (private property rights and a free market) that support the creation of urban environments to serve the needs of capital accumulation at the expense of the social needs of home, community, family. Displacement from home and neighbourhood can be a shattering experience. At worst it leads to homelessness, at best it impairs a sense of community. Public policy should, by general agreement,
Beginning with the Depression Era, residents began to abandon the Haight era. But during the housing shortage of World War II, many of the large, single family homes became apartments or boarding houses. In the 1950s, most neighborhoods were in decline. With the upheaval of the Vietnam War in the 1960’s-1970, there was a large attraction of revolutionaries who protested the war and found themselves attracted to the Haight Ashbury district. The lack
While residence in Chatham is the epitome of upward autonomous economic mobility for most of the Black residents of Chicago, the effects of a stunted neighborhood transition in the late 1990s remain to limit true socio-economic freedom in Chatham. As a 21-year-old man, he has a job, but employment in his age group is only 56% (Chatham, Statistical Atlas). At 27%, the high rate of poverty makes affording home and transportation made very difficult. On that note, there is poor public transportation in Chatham, a bus runs downtown but access to the red line is on the edge of the neighborhood, as much as 15 blocks for some residents. This is likely as because of the middle-class nature
West Broadway, or “D Street”, is a state-sponsored housing development in South Boston, Massachusetts, whose history is plagued by delinquency, violence, and death. Constructed in 1949, on a newly acquired 25-acre plot in Southie’s “Lower End”, West Broadway Housing Development was to serve as temporary housing for veterans of the World Wars. By the early 1970s, however, the development would be 972 apartments for low-income families, and would be known as the “worst type of lower-class welfare housing.”
Since the early 2000s, gentrification accelerated in various New York City neighborhoods. Data shown that about 29.8 percent of New York City has been affected by gentrification in low-income communities (Governing Data 1). This is over a 20 percent increased from the previous decade in New York City alone. Gentrification is a term used to describe displacement or renewal in urban neighborhoods as a result of increasing property values and rent prices. Gentrification has existed since the 1960s but has rapidly increased since then . Gentrification has now become a common and global controversial topic in many low-income neighborhood. Although, gentrification hasn’t always been bad from increasing job opportunities to lowering crime rates. Gentrification has impacted and transformed underprivileged districts in New York City. However, at the advantage of who ? Thus, gentrification has only increased average rates of poverty and infused neighborhoods with “white privilege”.