Central High School is one of the first schools in American history to integrate black and white students. Nine students, known as “The Little Rock Nine,” were chosen to be the first black students to enter that high school. Elizabeth Eckford was one of the nine students who entered Central High School all alone on September 4th 1957. This day was a nightmare for Elizabeth. After being denied entry by the Arkansas National Guard and being harassed by a shouting crowd who were opposed to integration, Elizabeth managed to stay calm. Hazel Bryan was one of the tormentors in the crowd in front of Central High School. Many cameras were clicking that day trying to capture history being made, but one photo that went viral would unintentionally connect these two girls for life. The famous photo of Elizabeth and Hazel captured by Will Counts was prominently displayed in newspapers, newscasts, and magazines all over the world (62). The photo shows a white girl shouting viciously towards a desolate black girl. In the photo, there are other whites surrounding these girls, but they seem to be indifferent towards the shouting white girls’ behavior. The girls in the photo are soon to be recognized as Elizabeth Eckford and Hazel Bryan. The defining essence of this memorable and historic situation is a sense of division between white and black Americans: the photograph captures the decisive moment by showing racism and hate from whites towards blacks portrayed through Hazel towards
In 1954, the Supreme Court took a step in history with the Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka by stating that, “In the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’, has no place. Separate facilities are inheritably unequal.” Little Rock, Arkansas a city in the upper south became a location of a controversial attempt to put the court order into effect when nine African American students were chosen to desegregate Central High in Little Rock. How did the Little Rock Nine affect America? Sanford Wexler stated in The Civil Rights Movement: An Eyewitness History,” its “effect would ripple across the nation and influence the growing Civil Rights Movement;” in addition, the Little Rock crisis forced the federal government
2. I picked this film because of the strong message it is meant to put across, considering that Lee wanted the world to acknowledge that while society had experienced significant progress up to the turn of the century, people still had a long way to go in order for the world to be a morally acceptable place. Reading more information about the girls killed during the 1963 Baptist Church bombing really shocked me and made me want to discuss this film.
In her memoir Warriors don’t cry, Melba Pattillo Beals describes her experiences as she became one of the first nine black students educated in an integrated white school called central high school. The author describes how she survives a harrowing year helping to integrate central high school in Little Rock Arkansas in 1957. The three main ideas that I’m going to talk about are integration, racism, and courage.
In her memoir Warriors Don’t Cry, Melba Pattillo Beals describes her experiences as she became one of the first nine black students educated in an integrated white school. She and her friends, who became known as the “Little Rock Nine”, elicited both support and criticism from their family members, friends, community members, military troops, in addition to the President of the United States. Melba’s experiences, while heartbreaking and sobering, highlight the strength to overcome that individuals can have over a system intent on keeping them down.
During 1957, integration of the Little Rock Nine students into Central High School was one of the most important events in history of that time period. Integration of high school made the town go out of control with high emotions in little rock. During the 1950s the mediums used their cameras and video tapes to influence important roles the had accesses. These various mediums served to illuminate the important events surrounding the Little Rock Nine, as well as, at times, provide an inaccurate or incomplete picture of events.
An overwhelming majority of us have had some type of exposure to the 20th Century history of the United States. Therefore, a majority of Americans are aware of the racial divide and civil rights movement that took place during this time period. More specifically, this time period running from the 1960’s to 1970’s was one of vast racial tension and overall instability in numerous areas across the country. African Americans were able to finally overcome centuries of segregation and inequality by the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, as stated before anyone with knowledge of American history would know that the state of the nation following this decision was not one of tranquility and peace. Protests from both sides of the argument sprouted up in major cities all across this land of so called opportunity. Peaceful is best not used to describe the American people during these times. The ever so popular film Remember the Titans released in 2000, turns the clock back to 1971 to follow the true story of the recently integrated football team at T.C. Williams High school of Alexander, Virginia. In this film, the audience catches a first hand
Author, Dr. Beverly Tatum a clinical psychologist whose main study of interest is Black children’s racial identity development wrote the text Why Are All the Black Kids sitting Together in the Cafeteria? After receiving a letter from a school principal in New Jersey applauding her on her reason of why, in racially mixed schools all over the country, Black kids were still sitting together in school cafeterias. In the text Tatum shares her thoughts about the development of racial identity faced by the African American population and how it is interrelated to racism at the turn of the twentieth century while highlighting the Black-White relation in childhood and adolescence age group. The book entails controversy in that, Dr. Tatum understanding of racism is centered heavily on race. Tatum’s explanation of racism suggest that Blacks cannot be racist based on the fact their racial bigotry do not stand or rest on a structure of advantage.
For this oral history paper, Judy Barnhill was interviewed to convey her experiences during her childhood and adolescent years relating to African American history. She was born in 1945, and she is a white American woman. This paper will be discussing the time periods of Jim Crow segregation, the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation. Jim Crow segregation began during the late 1800’s and continued on until about the 1960’s. It was a time of racial tension and inequality. Many southern states of the time would enforce local laws of segregation on African Americans, which would separate them from the whites in public places such as schools, restaurants, trains, bathrooms, etc. The facilities set up for African Americans were always
Commonly referred to as a classic by millennials, Mean Girls, directed by Mark Waters in 2004, allows an interesting critique of racism when viewed through a sociological lens. The story follows Cady Herron, a normal teenager- except for the fact that she grew up in Africa, homeschooled by her scientist parents- as she is forced to integrate into the public-school system in Illinois. Never having been in an institution like a public school, Cady quickly learns what not to do and who to hang out with. Through trial and error, Cady assimilates and becomes a ‘normal’ American teenager who is part of the ‘popular’ crowd, befriending “The Plastics”; Karen Smith, Gretchen Wieners, and their leader, Regina George. The story of Mean Girls is not as superficial as it seems. This film illustrates the perils of not only teenage life, but current life in America, and accurately depicts the struggles that minorities face. Looking at this movie through Functionalist theory, the racial aggressions present are part of a larger institution of the public school system; insinuating that the micro and macro-aggressions directed towards minorities are part of developing the future generation and teaching them to perpetuate racial inequality in America, allowing white people to remain the majority race and to reap the benefits that come with it. The complexity of the movie lies within an interesting discourse that examines the effects and functions behind the racist
America has had quite a history. Moreover, America has had a distinct history concerning racial differences. From the Civil War to the Civil Rights Act, America has showed past that is unforgettable. However, America has showed a history concerning African Americans that still show up in our present today. The Little Rock Nine, staged in 1957, proves that we are not that far away from our previous actions against a different race. In the American heritage and main structure of government, it says that all men are created equal. This paper will tell of the Little Rock Nine and their struggle, and how it has changed America for the better.
It is often said that kids don’t usually understand race or racism, and that is true until Janie is met with kids who have faced oppression all their lives. Janie is a young girl who is raised by her grandmother in the deep South during the 1930’s. Janie lives among many white kids and doesn’t realize that she is not white until she sees a photo of the children and cannot identify herself in the picture. “Dat’s where Ah wuz s’posed to be, but Ah couldn’t recognize dat dark chile as me. So Ah ast, ‘where is me?’ Ah don’t see me’”(9). Janie didn’t know that she was a black girl because she had always been treated the same as the white kids, and they never treated her any differently than anyone else. The only kids that ever abused her with their words were the other black kids at school, they always teased her for living in
At a very young age of eight, David Fincher’s passion for cinema grew when he was inspired by the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969). Born in 1962 Denver, Colorado, David Fincher moved to Ashland, Oregon in his teens, where he graduated from Ashland High School. During high school, he directed plays, designed sets, and managed lighting after school. One summer, he and a friend attended the Berkley Film Institute’s summer program, where he hoped to learn film as a true art form but instead was taught the technical production. Either way he was happy to engage is this and as his early film industry career started, he was a production assistant at his local television news station. Years went by as he directed propaganda films followed by becoming a well-known music director until his first movie feature debut Aliens 3 in 1992. However, the American director David Fincher didn’t become a modern 21st century visionary until his creation of the film Se7en (1995). The huge success from this film started Fincher’s popularity in the film industry. From there he continued to make ironic movies we know today such as: Fight Club (1999), Zodiac (2007), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), The Social Network (2010), Gone Girl, and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.
To begin with, Hazel, a white teenage girl, caught screaming to the back of another teenage girl’s head, black teenage girl named Elizabeth, claims that in the act she wasn’t feeling any towards of hatred or disapproval towards Elizabeth making her way into school. However, in the heat of the moment this photograph captured her at the wrong moment in time, a moment in which appeared full of hatred. Story is though that Hazel tagged along into the mixt of the crowd, not knowing exactly what she was thinking or doing but just wanted to do what everyone else was doing. This very act touches upon one aspect of racism, how your society influences your thoughts and actions. Growing up in the south, this was just a custom, to Hazel just like to everyone else. Individuals come as a whole to torment someone who they were taught was inferior to them.
In this excerpt ZZ Packer clearly points out that the aversion the girls feel towards the whites is not based on their own experiences, but rather their families. According to their parents, dealing with “whites” was a problem every adult had to face. Lauren’s statement clearly exposes the young African-American girls’ lack of reasoning on racism, and thus portrays the parents as the responsible for the children’s behavior. Resentment on behalf of the parents did indeed have a huge impact in the brownies.
District 9 (Peter Jackson, 2009), a science fiction film produced by Peter Jackson, is a rare gem unlike the many sci-fi movies which have been released in our time. The story is established via a mix of standard third person camera and documentary footage and takes place in the present - a twist from your regular science fiction film which normally takes place in the future. The film, about a colony of alien refugees forced by humans to live in a South African slum, is an example of social satire by presenting a critique of the injustice with which we treat those who are different from us. The metaphors of science fiction are being used to portray the nature of racism; with the way that racist ideology and discourse deals with those different