Introduction This chapter presents the results of the analysis on the data collected for the present study (i.e., pre-writing test, immediate-post-writing test, and delayed-post-writing test). It describes statistical analysis of the differences in the number of each cohesive device (i.e., reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction) in the three tests conducted within and among three treatment groups (i.e., direct feedback group, coding with underline group, and control (no feedback) group). The short- and long-term effects of WCF are examined by comparing the pre-writing test with the immediate-post-writing test and the delayed-post-writing test. The statistical analyses in this chapter are conducted to investigate the following …show more content…
For the second research question, the pre-test and the immediate-post-test essays are compared within each group by using the paired t-test. In addition, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the difference in the number of each cohesive device between the three treatment groups. The same statistical analysis was conducted for the fourth research question; the pre-test and the post-test essays are compared within groups as well as the number of cohesive devices in the post-test essays was compared between groups. Before proceeding with the statistical analysis for the research questions, homogeneity of the pre-test essay between groups was verified; the researcher conducted the one-way ANOVA to ensure that there is no significant difference in the number of cohesive devices employed in the pre-test essay. The significant level was set at 0.05 (<0.05). Except for the difference, no other significant difference was found for the coded group. As for the direct group, the results showed no significant difference in any kinds of cohesive devices. Table 10 Difference in the Long-term Period Within Each Experimental Group WCF Devices Test N Mean SD t p Direct Reference Pre 27 0.74 1.06 -1.4644 0.1551 Post 27 1.19 1.21 Substitution Pre 27 0.19 0.4 0.7004 0.4899 Post 27 0.11 0.32 Ellipsis Pre 27 1.48 0.94 -0.22535 0.8235
Using a sample size of 10,090 the study examines the relationship between performance and if the subject has had previous exposure to an MIT. The alternative hypothesis that there is a statistically significant difference in the number of correct picture items and if it was the subjects first MIT attempt, which directly contradicts the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the number of correct picture items and wether or not it was the first MIT preformed.
a. For each year, create tables of counts of gender and of nationality. Then create column charts of
The result verified that there is evidence of a decline in grammar scores based on the number of abbreviations in their sent and received text messages (Swayne and Messer). In other words, the word abbreviations and punctuation short-cuts that famously used in text messaging can alter individuals’ ability to recognize and apply proper spelling, grammar and punctuation techniques in writing and daily life communication. If the uses of abbreviations are not controlled from the beginning, both sender and receiver of text messaging will be associated with how poorly they will perform on the test based on the level of standard literacy they have.
2. _C____ Divide your subjects in half. One group receives one treatment of the independent variable and the other group receives a different treatment of the independent variable. Subjects were all told they were going to see a video of a therapist's session after which they would rate the quality of the session. The groups differed in that the subjects in one group were told that prior evaluations indicated that the therapist was effective whereas subjects in the other group were told that the evaluations indicated the therapist was not effective. These different subjects were used for the two levels of the independent variable: subjects were in either the "effective therapist" or the "ineffective therapist" condition.
Each study analysis will be 1,000-1,250 words and submitted in one document. As with the assignments in Topics 1-3, this should connect to your identified practice problem of interest.
As texting has yet become a concern of many parents, teachers, and doctors because of the use of slang and Abbreviation is expanded especially in high schools and colleges. Michaela Cullington, who was a student at Marywood University in Pennsylvania and received a Masters degree in speech and language pathology from Marywood in 2014, discussed in “Does Texting Affect Writing?” about the problem above. In general, Cullington positively confirmed that texting does not have any significant effects on formal writing. Cullington also encourages the use of slang and abbreviations should be approved because of many benefits, or positive effects.
One week later all participants returned and new twenty questions were asked. The difference between group D and F were statistically significant compared to the control group.
Analysis As we were conducting our experiment, we collected data so we would be able to determine the differences between males and females. The students then had to take a mini quiz that we had made for the five males and five females, ten students of the age between fifteen through eighteen. We gave the students the quizzes so it would be indiscriminate and not planned. We conducted the quiz three times with each quiz having two questions.
2. A teacher is interested in comparing the effects of three different types of rehearsal methods (Rote rehearsal, Imagery, and Story) on number of words recalled. Participants are randomly assigned into three different groups. In each group, participants are asked to study a list of words using the assigned method. The following table
The t-test for independent means was used to compute the average scores of one or more variables between the two unrelated groups (between groups). The participants were tested once. The researcher conducted an independent t-test to compare group means
Statistics are used in many different ways in my workplace. The use of statistics is for the improvement of quality care and safety. Statistics are also used to measure employee compliance in regards to hand washing and proper use of policies and procedures. We also use charts and graphs to show infection rates, skin integrity, falls within the facility, budget concerns, and many more. These graphs help hospital personal improve care and safety to provide quality care to all patients. Graphs can also be used to measure patient and employee satisfaction.
Table 2 shows that those students in grade 1 who were tested in the pre-test; cannot get good result. After given the treatment, the students showed better result in the post-test.
Text has become one of the most common ways teenagers communicate with others. This led to many people believing that students ability to write is declining because of texting. Cullington starts by noting argument of the negative impact of texting. Such as the one about students using abbreviations. In others words, some believe using abbreviations in
incompletion. Further breaking down the letters into simpler steps has been proven to promote writing
2. Were the post-reading comprehension test scores following a lesson using any one of the