Annotated Bibliography On Special Education

Lauren expressed to me that students who spend their day within a self-contained classroom are introduced to fundamental life skills such as brushing their teeth, tying their shoes, and holding a spoon or fork in order to feed themselves. In addition, many of the students need assistance with toilet training as well, basic skills we take for granted. The goals seem simple enough to an average everyday student, but to the student who suffers from one disability or another, the goal can seem unattainable and the work required to achieve these goals is hard and at times very frustrating (Ursta, L.,

The issue the author has presented in chapter 5 is what should educators teach students with moderate and severe developmental disabilities. The author states that she became interested in studying how students with moderate and severe disabilities might meet grade level academic content expectations mandated by No Child Left Behind. Despite the lack of evidence on teaching grade level academic content to students with cognitive disabilities, the federal government required schools to include students with moderate to severe disabilities in school accountability systems.

Special education has been a very important topic through the years since the beginning of the education program in the United States because of its philosophy on inclusion and educating individuals no matter their condition, context or cultural status. The purpose of Schooling students with special need is basic and fundamental for the growth of our Nation, is to identify children with unusual needs and help them fulfill those needs

The San Bernardino City Unified School District (SBCUSD) special education department has worked simultaneously with its special education teachers, creating a curriculum that best meets the needs of the moderate to severe student population. The developed curriculum is entitled, Basic2 Moderate to Severe Curriculum Framework. The Basic2 Moderate to Severe Curriculum Framwwork targets the five following domains: functional academic, community, domestic, vocational, and recreation/leisure. In addition to creating an innovated curriculum framework for the moderate to severe student population the special education department created an assessment to compliment the curriculum. The Basic2 Benchmark assessment is focused on measuring student

There have been several reforms in the past 100 years that have had an influential effect on policy in special education. Some of these changes have left a positive legacy for future education legislators to build from while others have been detrimental to a student’s educational success. All having positive and negative outcomes, some of these changes impacting education include the National Institute of Child and Human Development, Education for All Handicapped Children Act, No Child Left Behind Act, and Individuals with Disabilities Act. The reforms listed above will be discussed

The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) identify expectations of what the students will be able to achieve by the end of the school year. The standards provide teachers and curriculum developers the opportunity to use their best findings and available tools to meet these ends (California Department of Education, 2013). The reader needs to understand that the teaching principles implemented by individuals who received extensive training in college-based teacher training programs in order to understand how the CCSS identifies and supports According to Artiles (2003) the Individual with Disability Act (IDEA) 1990 changed the classroom structure in the united states dramatically in the past thirty years. The refinement of the special education

In the peer-reviewed article Successful Transition of Students with Disabilities to 21st-Century College and Careers, the authors start by discussing the cases of a high school special education teacher named Ms. Hitchcock. At Ms. Hitchcock high school, they have been working on new ways to help their students transition from high school to adult activities such as post-secondary schooling, independent living, and maintain a job. A new transition process has shown to cover a broad range of skills that are more non-academic than academic, something that many students struggle with. With this new system of nonacademic skills, Ms. Hitchcock has noticed that two of her students, Damien and Jasmine, would benefit from these new findings (Gothberg,

I was apprehensive about this exercise. I did not want to trivialize what it means to be living with a disability. I wondered; which disability am I comfortable doing? Do I have the resources? Am I capable? Nevertheless, this appeared to be a simple task and I have plenty of experience working with people with disability. I thought,

According to Harvey (2001) drop out rates of SWD is an alarming three times higher than their peers without disabilities. The social and economic consequence of non-completion of high school for special education students does result in serious implications with respect to future opportunities, career options, increased level of social dependence, and financial volatility (Scholl & Mooney, 2003). SWD were much less likely to be even minimally qualified for college admission (National Council on Disability, 2008) and face a difficult future in terms of learning the skills necessary to compete in the 21-century global economy. These barriers paint a bleak picture for SWD. Special

The field of education is dramatically changing at an unprecedented rate. For example, a greater percentage of students are identified with autism than in the past ten years. The general education teacher is becoming more and more aware of special needs students due to inclusionary practices and must adapt his/her curriculum to help all students achieve. This can be a roadblock for the general education teacher if the special education teacher is consistently relied on for help. The increase in the special education population is now requiring more educators to be dually certified in order to service all students in all situations.

Educating students with disabilities has evolved immensely throughout history. Initially, students with disabilities were isolated and institutionalized. Society 's perception was that it was not necessary or beneficial to invest time or resources into this group of people (Spaulding & Pratt, 2015; Dybwad, 1990; Winzer, 1998). Direct advocacy and litigations caused changes in federal legislation (Griffith, 2015; Lloyd & Lloyd, 2015). Due to the civil rights movement, stu-dents with disabilities became part of the public educational system. Our current system has evolved to the level that educators work as teams to create individual learning plans for students

Wehmeyer (n.d.) explains that there has been what he describes as three waves of educational practices for individuals with disabilities. In short, these waves, or generations, have moved the ideas and opinions of educating children with disabilities from the use of a functional model to one that now focuses on instruction in the general education classroom. The third generation, educations current focus, first “presumes a student’s presence in the general education classroom” (Wehmeyer, n.d., para. 21). This is not to say that functional skills are no longer necessary or that providing a more restrictive setting is no longer needed. As mentioned earlier, IDEA (2004) requires that individual with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) and also requires that they are provided access to the general curriculum. What this change in practice does is move the idea of educating children with disabilities with their non-disabled peers from simply providing access to, first, including them in the general education setting (Wehmeyer, n.d., p. 23). What most people do not realize are the positive effects that this has on the rate of learning for children with

Living with disabilities on a daily basis can be more difficult then some realize. Many people who are born with developmental disabilities start their education and therapy at a very young age and there are also those people who have been diagnosed with a disability sometime during their lifetime. But what is there for them to do once they have graduated from high school or are told they are too old to continue in a regular school or they are simply told they aren’t accepted in the “normal” community? In all reality there really

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, students with disabilities should be placed in a “least restrictive environment.” One of the main ideas of this act was to improve the learning experiences of students with disabilities by giving them learning opportunities outside of a special education classroom. The number of students with disabilities being placed in their general education classrooms is increasing more and more each year. The U.S Department of Education’s 27th annual report to Congress on the implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2005) indicates that the number of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has risen to almost 50 percent. This is about a 17 percent increase from the 1997 U.S

The notion of integration began to appear in the mid-eighties with the idea that special classes could be part of mainstream schools and also from parents who were not availing of special education. In a report on the training and education of severely and profound mentally handicapped children in Ireland 1983 it was recognized that these children should also be entitled to education. Teachers were to be trained to educate such children in special classes within mainstream education. By 1993 over 2000 pupils were being educated in such a way.