1.Absolute Threshold: the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.
2.Accommodation: the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far images on the retina.
3.Acetylcholine: neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning and memory.
4.Achievement Motivation: desire for accomplishment.
5.Achievement Test: an exam designed to test what a person has earned.
6.Acoustic Encoding: encoding of sound, especially words.
7.Acquisition: the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
8.Action Potential: a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
9.Activation Synthesis: theory that REM sleep triggers neural firing that evokes
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41.Broca's Area: controls language expression; area of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere.
42.Cannon-Baird Theory: emotion arousing stimulus triggers physiological response and subjective experience of emotion.
43.Case Study: an observational technique in which one person id studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
44.Central Nervous System: the brain and spinal cord.
45.Cerebellum: the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance.
46.Cerebral Cortex: the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
47.Change Blindness: failing to notice changes in the environment
48.Charles Darwin: argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
49.Chunking: organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
50.Circadian Rhythm: the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
51.Classical Conditioning: one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate future events.
52.Clinical Psychology: a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats psychological disorders.
53.Cochlea: a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger neural impulses.
54.Cochlear Implant: device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through
A cochlear implant does not restore normal hearing, but can give a deaf person a useful representation of sounds in the environment and in some help with understanding speech. The Cochlear implant consists of external components that usually are behind the ear and internal components that are surgically implanted under the skin these two parts work together to allow the user to perceive sound. The external components include a microphone, a speech processor, and a transmitter. The microphone is located at the top of the speech processor, which resembles a behind the ear hearing aid. It picks up sounds from the environment and transmits them to the speech processor. The speech processor can either look like the behind the ear hearing aid or be a small box worn in a chest pocket. It is a computer that analyzes, digitizes, and arranges the sound signals picked up by the microphone and sends them to the transmitter. The transmitter is a small magnetic disc or circle coil worn on the head just behind the ear it receives signals from the speech processor and convert them into electric coded signals, sending them to the receiver/ stimulator implanted just under the skin using a special radio frequency. The internal components include the receiver/ stimulator and the electrode array. The receiver/stimulator decodes the electrical signals from the transmitter and sends a corresponding pattern of rapid, tiny electrical pulses to electrodes on the electrode array that has been surgically inserted and winds through the cochlea. The electrical pulses stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve where the brain categorizes the sounds and assigns meaning to them. The Cochlear Implant to
The purpose of the cochlear implant is to help replaces the damaged function of the inner ear, the cochlear work in any damaged parts and will provide sound signal to the brain (Cochlear Ltd, 2017).
Sounds and speech are captured by a microphone and sent to the external speech processor. The processor then translates the sounds into electrical signals, which are then sent to the transmitting coil. These codes travel up a cable to the headpiece and are transmitted across the skin through radio waves to the implanted cochlea electrodes. The electrodes’ signals then stimulate the auditory nerve fibres to send information to the brain where it is interpreted as meaningful sound.
Through our understanding of the structure and function of the Ear in the human body, scientists have been able to invent such development to support the human sense of hearing for the world. This development has made a huge impact since 1978. The cochlear implant is a small, biomedical device which comprises of a microphone, a speech processor, receiver and electrode component. The
CNS. The CNS acts as the control center of the body by providing its processing, memory,
Located in the inner ear, the cochlea is small, but packs a mighty punch. The cochlea plays an important role, as it takes the sound vibrations that it receives and transforms them into nerve impulses. These nerve impulses are then sent to the brain, where they are translated into recognizable sounds. The cochlea is truly amazing, as it helps us perceive the sense that we refer to as “hearing”. In fact, the cochlea is considered to be the most complex part of the ear! Learn more about this amazing organ with these amazing cochlea facts.
A cochlea implant is a bionic hearing system. It is a surgically implanted device that helps you hear and perceive sound. If the important parts of the cochlea aren’t working properly that means that the hear nerve is not being simulated properly. That means that there is no possible way that the electrical signals are being transmitted to your brain thus causing you to hear. With a cochlea implant, they put a microphone onto the implant. The sound travels through an external mini-computer called a sound processor. The sound is processed and turned into digital information. The information is sent over a transmitter antenna to the surgically implanted part if the system. The implant turns the sound information into electrical signals; they
The purpose of the cochlear implant is to bypass the damaged hair cells in a patient’s cochlea and help establish sounds. The product uses a microphone which is situated on the exterior of the ear. The microphone and electricity
The brain the most complex, three-pound organ in the human body. When I think of the brain it reminds me of a committee of professions working together to achieve one goal each with individual tasks to get the job done. The brain can be divided into the basic parts and two hemispheres: The forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The two hemispheres are then connected by the corpus callosum. the cerebrum is covered by a thin layer of gray tissue called the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is in turn divided into four lobes: frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes. The cerebrum or telencephalon.
Some of the factors that can effect visual perception are what our expectations might be, the psychological state of consciousness that you are in, and also what your past experiences might have been in past perceptions. These factors allow us to perceive the world in a different way. Attention is defined as a cluster of integrated events and processes that determine which stimuli receive further processing. Focusing ones attention on a particular object or even at is fairly easy. This is not so for every sense. Consider a game of women’s volleyball. Hardly any of the male spectators care about the game as where all of their attention is on the women who play it.
The brain which is principally the main organ of the nervous system, is the center of all mental activity. These activities include thought, learning, and memory. It is also the most complex and delicate organ within the body. Within the brain are four major regions which are the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum.
Our world is an immensely vast place. It is a place in which great clockworks of life govern everything from the largest interdependent “network” to the smallest details. As humans, we have evolved to perceive the world primarily through visual stimuli. In terms of intricacy and the area of the brain dedicated, our visual sense is the most well-developed sensory system. Our eyes are adapted so that they focus on objects both near and far through the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle (Kaufman, Levin, Alm). However, we cannot focus on everything at the same time. This process of focus is selective as we can pay attention to and process only so much information at once (Chen, Choi). As a result, humans are able to process some visual stimuli but may completely fail to regard other details, be they minute or monumental. This failure is described as “inattentional blindness”, and it can have several real-world implications in our everyday lives.
A cochlear implant uses an electronic device that is surgically implanted within your ear, particularly its canal. It is performed if you suffer from severe or worsening hearing loss. Essentially, the implant replaces the function of your inner ear’s hair cells, which help you register sound vibrations and when damaged, are not able to function. While a cochlear implant will not give you back 100% of your hearing ability, it is enough to allow you to hear and understand most sounds and communicate better with other people.