Act four of Shakespeare’s Macbeth develops several key factors that unfold in the final scene. In the beginning of the Act, Macbeth speaks to the witches to secure his sense of security as King. The witches deceive Macbeth and make him believe that he can: spurn fate, scorn death, and they cause him to bear false hope. The witches trick Macbeth into thinking his position as King is secure through four double-meaning apparitions. The third apparition is an illusion of “a king /[That] [wore] upon his baby-brow the round/ And top of sovereignty” (4. 1. 88-90). The third apparition was symbolic of Malcolm, the child who was the rightful King of Scotland. After Malcom’s father, Duncan, was murdered Malcolm fled his homeland and sought safety in England. In Malcolm’s absence, Macbeth terrorized Scotland and even those in Macbeth’s inner circle were forced to take desperate measures. Macduff journeyed to England “to pray the holy king, upon his aid” (3. 6. 30) because Macbeth …show more content…
Malcolm stated that the “tyrant, whose sole name blisters” (4. 3. 12) was “once thought honest” (4. 3. 15). Malcolm was wary of Macduff’s offer to return to England for several reasons. Macduff once “loved [Macbeth] well” (4. 3.12) and Macbeth had “not touch’d [Macduff]” (4.3.13). Macduff even left his family in Scotland within Macbeth’s reach. Malcolm proposed the idea that although he was young, Macduff may offer him as a “weak, poor, innocent lamb/ T’appease an angry god” (4.3. 15-17). Malcolm’s insinuations offend Macduff who protested that he was not treacherous; however, Malcolm wisely says that any good man in “virtuous nature may recoil/ [Under] an imperial charge” (4. 3. 19-20), after all, “Angels are bright, still though the brightest fell” (4. 3. 22). Malcolm was not upset with Macduff, and he did not mean to dishonor him, Malcolm questioned Macduff’s loyalty to Macbeth “for [his] own safeties” (4. 3.
Before Macbeth meets with Macduff, he thinks of ways to handle Macduff so he would no longer be a problem. Macduff was considered to be a problem because he left the kingdom in order to assist an opposing force. Macbeth states “Then live, Macduff: what need I fear of thee? But yet I’ll make assurance double sure, and take a bond of fate.” (Act IV scn i, ln 82-84) He wants to make sure Macduff will not be a problem; he wants to keep Macduff out of his way. In this scene Macbeth is attempting to discover ways to inforce his superiority through the phrase “The castle of Macduff I will surprise; seize upon Fife; give to th’ edge o’ th’ sword his wife, his babies, and all unfortunate souls.” (Act IV scn i, ln 150-152) He hired men to kill Macduff’s family, so he will be depressed and will grieve; he wants to keep Macduff out of the way of him still being King. The main reason he did this, however, was to exert his leadership over Macduff and send a message. This paragraph explains how Macbeth was disloyal to Macduff and how he did anything to keep Macduff out of his way, but things did not turn out as he
Macduff’s burning desire for revenge towards Macbeth was encouraged by many forces. As it is known, Macbeth murders Duncan which causes Malcolm to flee to England because he fears for his life. Following Duncan’s death, Macduff was the first to discover Duncan dead, and it can be inferred that he was so angry and mortified that it sparks apprehensiveness towards Macbeth’s acquiring the throne. As he realizes that he does not agree with Macbeth’s reign, he decides to leave his family behind in Fife to go to England to find Malcolm, the true heir to the throne. His plan is to conspire with Malcolm to build an army against Macbeth. Macduff was so loyal to Scotland and the true ruler that he was willing to abandon his family in the process of freeing Scotland from tyranny. As he meets with Malcolm, Ross delivers the news that
Another flaw of Macbeth’s readers can learn from was his internal conflict and jealousy of anyone who could possibly come in between him and crown. Macbeth was often threatened by other people who could possibly take the crown from him. The first time the reader can see this jealousy arise was when Macduff said, “Our eldest, Malcolm, whom we name hereafter, Prince of Cumberland;” (1.4.38-39). Macbeth’s first reaction was to fear the whole family line of Macduff. This intimidation lead to one of Macbeth’s most careless destructive decision when he
One would question the credibility of the enigmatic apparitions within Macbeth's renowned Act IV, Scene i. Shakespeare gains the audience's acceptance of the three mystically summoned apparitions through methodically foreshadowing a supernatural event is about to occur. Each stance of Shakespeare's foreshadowing -- cauldron potions, Hecate, the second witch's awareness of MacBeth, and stage direction -- contributes to the believability of the apparitions' appearance in the play.
The first apparition is an armed head that warns him to beware of the Thane of Fife or Macduff. The second apparition is a bloody child. It tells him that no man born from a woman can hurt nor harm him. As a result of this, Macbeth thinks he is invincible and no one can defeat him. The third apparition is a child with a crown and a tree in his hand. It tells Macbeth that he will remain king until Birnam Wood comes to the Dunsine hill where the castle lies. Macbeth assumed that the woods could not get up and move up a hill to reach the castle; so, this boosted his confidence and recklessness. The fourth apparition is a show of eight kings followed by the ghost of Banquo. According to Upton's connotation of the apparitions in Critical Observations on Shakespeare, the armed head represents Macbeth's head cut off and brought to Malcom by
In these lines, Malcolm is telling Macduff that he would make a horrible king, and the people of Scotland would rather have Macbeth over him. Macduff responds by telling Malcolm that any of his problems could be fixed, and he could help Scotland. This shows that Macduff is still honorable and devoted to Malcolm.
Before he lived through the witches prophecy and became king, so there was no doubt that would not trust the witches again. The first apparition is an armored head that bewares Macbeth of Macduff. Macbeth is shocked of the news and wants to no more, but before he has the chance to ask why he should beware Macduff, the apparition quickly descends before the question is asked. That apparition presented Macbeth’s present because what Macbeth did not know was that Macduff was going to be plotting Macbeth’s death. Now there came a second apparition which was a bloody child to signify Macbeth’s past, as he was a baby of a cesarian section and not delivered from his mother’s womb.
Macduff notices that greed inevitably leads to the destruction of kings, as Macbeth’s greed of power and consequent abuse lead to his destruction, because greed is the worst of characteristics for a king to have. Malcolm believes that being king would cause his greed to increase, as Macbeth’s did when he learned of his prophecy. Malcolm wanted his greed to provide him with wealth, as opposed to Macbeth’s power, but both concepts are the same, as both corrupt the person and make them malicious. After witnessing his fruitless reign being taken over by the sons of Banquo, because of his failed murder, Macbeth is distraught and angry. He needs the power and will do anything to achieve it, but he is realizing that he may not be able
Macbeth was named King shortly after. Because Macduff did not attend his coronation, Macbeth assumed he couldn't trust him, so he ordered to “give to th’ edge o’ th’ sward his wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls that trace him in his lane” (4.1.151-53). Macduff and Banquo, unlike Macbeth, had integrity. Macduff, once he heard Macbeth was going to be King, went to England to tell Malcolm about Macbeth. When Macduff arrived in England, Malcolm didn't think he could trust him.
Desperate, Macduff “ is gone to pray the holy (English)king upon his aid”. Not only is Macduff putting his own life in danger, but he is also leaving his wife and kids very vulnerable. Macduff, however being the patriotic man, chooses to do what is his best for his country and follow his conscience in extension. Although his wife and kids do perished under Macbeth’s reign, Macduff is ultimately awarded by the new title he earns from Malcolm when Macbeth is finally overthrown. This might not cover the loss of his family, but Shakespeare is implying that he and his family will be reunited in heaven. Macduff did in fact follow his conscience in making decisions that are hard costing even the lives of his family, but he is able to continue to lead a peaceful life and be reunited with his family once in heaven while Lady Macbeth, most likely, soul is forever tormented by the scorching flames.
Macduff feared the future of Scotland and had no problem expressing his feelings about the negative attributes Malcolm obtained. Macduff realized that these traits would bring down Scotland just as Macbeth did. Honor: -Macduff is destine to be Macbeth’s downfall. The worst Macbeth became, the better Macduff revealed himself.
Both Malcolm and Macduff are men with strong character which helped shape their importance in Macbeth. Although Malcolm’s confidence was not evident in the beginning of the play, it was later established through his actions on his way to becoming the king of Scotland. The growth of his character helped to shape the story and played a strong part in the plot. However, the importance of Macduff certainly stemmed from his evident emotions as well as the patriotism he had for his country. Without each other these men wouldn’t be able to show their strength and vital roles throughout the play.
During this meeting, the witches provide Macbeth false security. This will end Macbeth’s life. In act 4 scene 1 they gave him the first apparition. It says that,” macbeth! Macbeth!
Malcolm said, “Be this whetstone of your sword: let grief convert to anger; blunt, not the heart, enrage it.” Macduff replies “O, I could play the woman with my eyes and braggart with my tongue! But, gentle heavens, cut short all intermissions; front to front bring thou this fiend of Scotland and myself; within my sword's length set him; if he 'scape heavens forgive him too!” (Mac.4.3.230-235) In this quote, Macduff is ready and prepared to fight for his family and seeks revenge on Macbeth for the crime he has committed to killing the innocent.
The various reasons Malcolm gives for being suspicious of Macduff is that Macbeth may have sent him to kill Malcolm. Considering Macduff is loyal to Macbeth in the past and this caused Malcolm to doubt and not trust Macduff. Afterall, Macduff reacts by getting offended by Malcolm questions and tells him he's not a villain.