Arabic Numerals In The Age Of The Islamic Golden Age

The primary difference between the way the Sumerians represented calculations in their writing and that of today concerned the cardinal principle of our numeral system. Unknown to the early people who counted, this fundamental concept stated that a number is an abstract entity that can possibly refer to anything. The Sumerians instead employed symbols (not abstract numeral signs) to convey distinct measures/quantities in distinct contexts. These values increased from right to left, and we can only understand as of now the ratios of various amounts (which is not

Among the many scholars working in the House of Wisdom, there was Al-Khawarizmi, known as the father of algebra. Born around 800 in Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi worked in the House of Wisdom as a scholar. Being involved in the center’s translation of ancient scientific knowledge helped him develop a unique knowledge of the accumulated wisdom of the world. His importance lies in his discoveries of mathematical knowledge which was later transferred to Arab and European scholars. His masterpiece, a book of clear explanations of what would become algebra, was his entire life’s work compiled into one collection of information. The word algebra comes from the Arabic word, al-jabr, which means “completion”. In his work, al-Khwarizmi explains the principles of solving linear and quadratic equations, the concept that an equation can be created to find the value of an unknown variable. Another crucial work of al-Khwarizmi’s was The Book on the Art of Reckoning of the Hindus, which introduced the numbering system used in the Islamic culture to the west. This is the numerical system that is still used today and offered many advantages over the existing Roman numerals. An

After looking over the symbols they created and how they were simple and understanding, I realized that the Mayans were way ahead of their time. All they used were dots and lines and as a zero, it was just a rugby ball looking thing. Instead of creating 400 different symbols to create just the number 400, they used four symbols and just changed the combination of them differently. Forty used three symbols, one rugby ball symbol and two single dots. Four hundred used three symbols too, two rugby ball looking symbols and just one single dot. By far more the one of the better in complex number systems. Compared to the Aztecs, who had feathers for 400 and finger symbols for 1, the Mayan’s number system was easy, with just dots and lines.

HVII. INFLUENCE OF INDIA ON ISLAMIC THOUGHT: Indian mathematics grabbed the attention of places in the Dar al-Islam. Muslims found it attractive for both educational purposes and accounting. They adopted “Indian numerals,” which was later called the “Arab numerals,” since they learned it from the Arabian Muslims. Completely simplified bookkeeping.

This was one of the most significant events in the history of education. This way meant that scholars could easily communicate with each other, and “ideas were translated from Greek, Latin, ancient Egyptian, Chinese, and languages from other parts of the world's.” (Doc D). This knowledge could be read and discussed by scholars all over the Islamic Empire, which greatly defined the spread of ideas through the region. That was the last condition needed for the spread of math and science in the Islamic

Throughout the entirety of the Islamic faith, Islamic civilizations have contributed ideas and characteristics of their culture that have spread throughout the world. Also, Islamic civilizations have helped to develop a variety of ideas and caused fields of industry and facets of culture to advance. These fields include but are not limited to education, medicine, mathematics, technology, literature, architecture and trade. Although every industry in the Islamic civilization has an important role in society, education, medicine and trade prove to be the three most important aspects of Islamic achievements.

From around 750 to 1350, Muslims were able to contribute in the making of how our world. It started when the Muslims inherited, adopted, and made advancements through people they have conquered, Greece, Rome, and India. Their advancement allowed Muslim achievements to stand out and make a lasting impact on world cultures; their contributions affected various areas including art, architecture, medicine, agriculture, music, language, and technology. The Muslims were able to make such great contributions because of their preserved knowledge, their civilization, and their ability of simplification. These contributions impacted the world by helping medicine advance, building a trade network, and the growth of mapmaking.

Islamic civilization and they took advantage of Muslims’ knowledge. This leads to developments that this later

Muslims greatly advanced the study of mathematics. Arabic numerals, the numbers the Western World uses today, were developed by the Muslims. Compared to earlier systems, such as Roman numerals, they made it easier for people to do calculations and check their work. Muslims also spread the Indian concept of zero. Zero also made it easier to write large numbers. Muslim scholar, Al-Khwarizmi, is best known as the “the father of Algebra”. Al-Khwarizmi’s famous book on algebra was translated into

The Abbasids were the first ones to study and translate important Greek and Indian mathematical book like Euclid's geometry text the Elements. They adopted a very Greek approach to mathematics of formulating theorems precisely and proving them formally in Euclid's ways.

The reason to why their number system is truly their most remarkable achievement is because it would already be hard to make a number and then have to give it a name of what you or anyone would call it. Not only did they make their own number system, but they also understood. It can be very difficult to make your own language or number system and understand it. It is also very remarkable because at their time not a lot of cultures had the knowledge of the zero, they did.

The history of the Arabic language goes back thousands of years, thus many branches of the language exist among many people, but its prevalence became apparent following the emergence of Islam. The Quran was originally written in Arabic, thus through Islamic state building and expansion, its use was extended. Islamic empires like the Umayyad Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire were vast

Most of time, translating was done in Spain. As the result, cultural crossroads joining in Western Europe and medieval Islam. After the Christian re-conquest of Spain increased cultural and intellectual contact with Islamic world and make Arabic works available to scientists and scholars in Western Europe.

The renaissance was a time of “rebirth” and changing thoughts. The time of the renaissance was between the 14th century and went to the 17th century.Prior to the renaissance, people of the dark age devoted their life towards god, the changing thoughts of the renaissance lead people to devote their life to learning. The people’s top priority was no longer pleasing God and doing good for God, instead they began to change their priorities. God was still a big part of people’s lives but there was also a yearn for education. Mathematics was a big part of the renaissance, because it helped to make advancement in all areas of learning. The changing values to the Renaissance lead to advancements in mathematics which lead to new art techniques,

The Egyptians used sums of unit fractions (a), supplemented by the fraction B, to express all other fractions. For example, the fraction E was the sum of the fractions 3 and *. Using this system, the Egyptians were able to solve all problems of arithmetic that involved fractions, as well as some elementary problems in algebra. In geometry, the Egyptians calculated the correct areas of triangles, rectangles, and trapezoids and the volumes of figures such as bricks, cylinders, and pyramids. To find the area of a circle, the Egyptians used the square on U of the diameter of the circle, a value of about 3.16-close to the value of the ratio known as pi, which is about 3.14. The Babylonian system of numeration was quite different from the Egyptian system. In the Babylonian system-which, when using clay tablets, consisted of various wedge-shaped marks-a single wedge indicated 1 and an arrowlike wedge stood for 10 (see table). Numbers up through 59 were formed from these symbols through an additive process, as in Egyptian mathematics. The number 60, however, was represented by the same symbol as 1, and from this point on a positional symbol was used. That is, the value of one of the first 59 numerals depended henceforth on its position in the total numeral. For example, a numeral consisting of a symbol for 2 followed by one for 27 and ending in one for 10 stood for 2 × 602 + 27 × 60 + 10.