Results and Discussion
In this experiment, aspects of the scientific method were introduced and the significance of the process of gathering measurements during an experiment were illustrated through the use of a diverse set of glassware: graduated cylinder, volumetric pipette, and burette. These unique measuring instruments played a role in concluding the densities of the two soft drinks, Coke and Diet Coke, and whether or not a statistical difference existed between the two substances. Conversely, the resulting densities determined by each of the differing glassware were assessed and compared to each other in terms of accuracy and precision, with the most precise tool that produced consistent similar results, deduced.
With regards to the
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However, what was not mentioned was how the ingredients specifically contribute.
When analyzing the key ingredients of Coke and Diet Coke, sugar and artificial sweetener, respectively, equal amounts of each product produces different levels of sweetness, with artificial sweeteners being over a hundred times sweeter than natural sugars.1 As a result, in order to produce a similar level of taste between the two soft drinks, a large amount of sugar is added into Coke, in comparison to no sugar, and a small amount of sweetener in Diet Coke. Thus contributing to a greater mass of Coke, and therefore a greater density, despite the equal volumes of both soft drinks.
Consequently, if the volume increased by a doubled amount under similar experimental conditions where temperature and pressure remained constant, the density of the soda would not be expected to change due to density being an intensive property that is a ratio between the mass over the volume of a substance.2 As an intensive property, density, under similar experimental conditions, will be the same without regards to the amount presented. Doubling the volume would only serve to punctuate the concept, considering how dividing two extensive properties, mass and volume, that are directly proportional to the quantity of a substance, will cancel out the quantity dependence, resulting in a ratio that is similar each
From analyzing the data table and the graph, the data exhibits that regular coke has a higher density than Diet Coke. This can be seen from the table that regular 5ml of regular Coke average mass is 5.11g while diet Coke has a average mass of 4.72g. The difference between the 2 coke is not vast but the trend is clearly identified. As apparent from the graph, there is no outliers in this experiment and with a low uncertainty of 0.02, it appears that the data is
For more than a century, Coca Cola and PepsiCo have been the major competitors within the soft drink market. By employing various advertising tactics, strategies such as blind taste tests, and reward initiatives for the consumer, they have grown to become oligopolistic rivals. In the soft-drink business, “The Coca-Cola Company” and “PepsiCo, Incorporated” hold most of the market shares in virtually every region of the world. They have brands that the consumers want, whether it be soft-drink brands or in PepsioCo’s case, snacks. With only one soft-drink market, the two competitors have no choice but to increase sales by stealing the other competitor’s clients. This led to the term, the “cola wars” which was first used
Sample A was identified as Diet Coke, while Sample B was Regular Coke. For precision, mass measurements were more precise. They were more precise because the scale used for the measurements gave four significant figures whereas the graduated cylinder only had three significant figures. For Sample A, the average calculated % error was -7.77%. Trial 2 was the most accurate because when calculated, its % error came out as -6.45%. For Sample B, the average calculated % error was -.9213%. Trial 1 was the most accurate because when calculated, the % error was -.9597%. Sample A’s average measurement for density (.920g/mL) was closely related to Diet Coke’s density which was .997g/mL. Whereas Sample B’s average measurement for density (1.03g/mL)
The purpose of this experiment is to learn how to measure mass and volume and to determine the density of water, alcohol, and a solid. We will be using a laboratory scale or balance and the graduated cylinder to determine the density of water and of alcohol. First, place an empty graduated cylinder on a balance, determine its mass and record the value under the Density of Water: Data Table. Next, pour 25 mL of tap water into the graduated cylinder. Place the cylinder on the lab bench and read the volume of the water using the bottom of the meniscus and the volume makings on the cylinder. Then, replace the cylinder filled with water back on the balance to weigh and record the mass of both cylinder and water. Next, subtract the mass of the empty
The global market for artificial sweeteners is expected to reach $1.7 billion by 2018, due in large part to increasing concerns about diabetes and the obesity epidemic (PRWeb). Artificially sweetened foods and drinks are increasingly viewed as a viable alternative for diabetics and people attempting to lose weight, but these products entered the marketplace before being tested thoroughly for any long-term health effects. The lack of data concerning this issue is important, in light of the fact that between 4 and 18% of all carbonated beverages consumed by children are artificially sweetened (reviewed by Brown, De Banate, and Rother 307). In the United States alone, 4,500 tons of the artificial sweetener aspartame is consumed in the form of diet soda each year, which represents 86% of the total amount of aspartame ingested (reviewed by Schernhammer et al. 1419). Given the amount of artificial sweeteners entering the food market globally, and the financial incentives involved, researchers and health professionals continue to be concerned about the long-term health effects of these chemicals.
The volumetric pipet was the most accurate and precise, while the Erlenmeyer flask was the least accurate and the least precise. The graduated cylinder was much more accurate than the Erlenmeyer flask, but not quite as accurate as the volumetric pipet. In part two, 5mL of water and 5mL of isopropyl alcohol were mixed in attempt in attempt to answer the question ‘are the volumes of two pure substances additive?’ According to our data, no, they are not additive. When mixed, the results consistently came up at least .08mL shorter than what was
There has been great controversy ever since the emergence of artificial sweeteners on the market. Currently, thousands of food and drink products contain one of the five FDA-approved artificial sweeteners: aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, acesulfame K, and neotame. All have controversy to their use due to their long-term health risks. The FDA should not be declaring these chemical compounds as safe for consumption. There is not enough evidence to suggest the complete safety of these products in humans. Conversely, substantial evidence shows regular consumption poses enormous risks to humans. This review lists and analyzes specific examples supporting my claim
The debate between naturally derived sugars and low-calorie artificial sweeteners has been going on for years now. As our population’s obesity rate grows every year and health concerns related to weight-control grows along with it, natural sugar is scrutinized and we are told to keep away from it as it is our enemy. Over the last couple of decades, we have been introduced to more and more varieties of artificial sweeteners promising to deliver the same sweetness or even more sweetness than natural sugar (some offer as much as 200 times more sweetness than sugar) but with a much lower calorie content, or some even no calories at all. Artificial sweeteners such as Splenda, Sweet n’ Low, NutraSweet, and Equal have become popular as “better alternatives” to table sugar, promising to help battle weight gain and actually assist in losing weight. However, does this make it the healthier option? As with all things, both natural sugar and artificial sugar have their pros and cons, but in order to find the best option in regards to our health and futures, it’s important to weigh them according to scientific findings and research.
The mass of the empty, capped plastic bottle was determined using the analytical balance. Afterwards, 25.00 mL of Light Coke® solution was measured in the burette by filling it completely (50.00 mL), then draining it carefully until 25.00 mL was left. This amount was added to the plastic bottle. The mass of the bottle was measured again and recorded. This procedure was repeated once more for Trial II by draining the remaining 25.00 mL of solution in the burette. The results of these trials are recorded in Table. 2 below.
There is increasing evidence to show that consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with increased risk of obesity or elevated body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conversely, several empirical studies have also shown that reduced consumption of SSBs reduces the risk of obesity and developing T2DM.1-10Obesity is a global public health problem of pandemic proportions .2 An estimated 1.6 billion adults worldwide were overweight with BMI of 25kg/m2 and over and approximately 400 million of these adult were obese with BMI of 30kg/m2 and greater in 2005. It was estimated that these numbers will reach 2.3 billion for overweight and 700 million for obese adults in 2015.2 In the United States, there was an
Why do some of us have such strong soda preferences? There’s all this uproar of Coke vs. Pepsi, and really looking at the ingredients, the products aren’t all that different. Both are made of carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors (Pendergrast, 2000, p.6). The natural flavors are where they differ. Coke includes a “secret ingredient” known as Merchandise 7X, which sounds all mysterious and daring (Pendergrast, p.6). According to Pendergrast, the slightest bit can make a big difference! But it’s hard to say why one person likes something while another person can’t stand it. Though each
“Artificial Sweeteners: Sugar-Free, but at What Cost?” Harvard Health Blog, Harvard Medical School, 12 Dec. 2016, www.health.harvard.edu/blog/artificial-sweeteners-sugar-free-but-at-what-cost-201207165030. Accessed 28 Feb. 2017. Holly Strawbridge is an author for Harvard Health Blog. Strawbridge’s purpose in writing this article was to inform the general public of the dangers of artificial sweeteners. The article mainly briefs over the negative effects of consuming artificial sweeteners, specifically the diseases potentially caused by them. This article speaks more negatively of artificial sweeteners than any other source used. It is also fairly short and direct. It can be determined unbiased and credible due to the fact that it was published through Harvard Medical School. This source would not be optimal for this essay because it provides information showing that artificial sweeteners are unhealthy and lead to weight
In addition to that, Diet coke also contains aspartame (C14H18N2O5), which is a low calorie sweetener used to replace the sugar found in regular Coca-Cola. It is composed of two amino acids, phenylalanine and aspartic acid. Although these amino acids are not found to be harmful by themselves, when aspartame is consumed it is broken down in the body to aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol, which in large amounts can be harmful. But since aspartame is about 200 times as sweet as regular sugar, much less of it can be used for the same amount of sweetness, leading to fewer calories in the food or beverage being consumed. And although aspartame’s main purpose is to reduce weight gain, this artificial sweetener may actually be doing the opposite. “Some studies suggest that when our taste buds sense sweetness, the body expects a calorie load to accompany it. When that doesn’t happen, it may cause us to overeat because we crave the energy rush our body was expecting,” says Cheryl Forberg R.D., author of Flavor First. What this means is that after drinking artificial sweeteners, naturally sweet foods such as apples, blueberries, and strawberries no longer seem sweet enough. The reason for this is because when your body tastes something sweet it releases insulin into the bloodstream to absorb the sugar. Normally this would not be a problem, but since aspartame is an artificial sweetener there
The producers of coke discovered that their product was leading to constant weight gain due to its very high sugar content and they decided to create a diet alternative to their product. Diet Coke is sweetened with non-natural sweeteners such as aspartame. Aspartame has less calories than regular sugar but it is not as tasty. Aspartame is a very unsafe substance and according to many studies it has been found to cause cancer. Although the intentions of the Coca Cola Company were good, The Center for Science in the Public Interest’s (CSPI) Executive Director Michael F. Jacobson stated: “Aspartame has been found to cause cancer — leukemia, lymphoma, and other tumors—in laboratory animals, and it shouldn’t be in the food supply. We certainly want Coca-Cola to shift its product mix toward lower- and no-calorie drinks, but aspartame’s reputation isn’t worth rehabilitating with this propaganda campaign. The company would be better off phasing out its use of aspartame and accelerating its research into safer, natural sweeteners such as those extracted from the stevia plant”.2 In addition to the cancer scare, aspartame and other sweeteners in diet drinks have been found to stimulate appetites, increase peoples cravings for carbs, raise fat storage and even cause weight gain.
Coca-Cola spends huge amounts of fund on marketing every year to remain its competitiveness. However, recently, Coca-Cola had a weak global growth. The sales volume of soda is not so satisfactory. Coke is claimed to have too many calories and sugar, thus being bad to health, as a result of which, consumers turn their attention to other drinks (Kell n. pag.).