Aspect Perception and Aspect Dawning: A Normative Reading of Wittgenstein By chiefly drawing on part II of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations (PI), I will advance the claim that his concepts of aspect perception and aspect dawning have ethical implications. These ethical implications are minimally worth considering, or maximally something that holds value. This paper is divided into three sections. Section one begins by defining aspect-perception and aspect-dawning, and then proceeds to distinguish ordinary perceptions of ‘seeing’ from visual perceptions of ‘seeing-as’. Section two starts by citing relevant passages where Wittgenstein alludes to possible examples of aspect perception and aspect dawning. By building on these …show more content…
The use of the word aspect is not to refer to the inferences of characteristics of a given image, but rather its use is to indicate different ways of perceiving the same image without that image physically changing (Davies 2011, 2). Intertwined with aspect perception is aspect dawning. This experience occurs when an aspect “dawns” on one—that is to say, they noticed an aspect that they did not notice at first glance (Glock, 1996, 36-7). Like aspect perception, the physical essence of the object being perceived is not altered , but a new aspect is revealed to one through its “dawning” on one. For example, one might perceive a face and then it dawns on them that the face appears to be anxious, or happy, or angry. Aspect perception and aspect dawning are both visual experiences insofar as they can allow for one to shift from perceptual state to …show more content…
As he states, “[one can see it as] a glass cube, there an upturned open box, there a wire frame of that shape, the three boards forming a solid angle […] we can also see the illustration now as one thing, now as another.—So we interpret it, and see it as we interpret it” (PI II). (3) In §118, Wittgenstein alludes to a diagram (derived from Jastrow, depicted below) of what one may ordinarily interpret as a duck or a rabbit. This section demonstrates that one may see an ambiguous picture in one way (e.g., seeing the duck), and then the aspect “dawns” on them that the picture could be otherwise (e.g., it could be a rabbit). (PI II, §118). (4) In §141, Wittgenstein continues the discourse on aspects dawning (or aspects ‘lighting up’) by pointing to an example in which one suddenly recognizes a familiar aspect of an object by placing the object in an unusual position or lighting (PI II). §143 similarly discusses the dawning of an aspect, when one comes to notice an old acquaintance they had not seen in years because they come to recognize the former face in the altered one
“It was like a child’s game in which you stare at foliage, grass, clouds in the sky, and suddenly you see a face or a figure, and after that recognition you can’t not see the hidden shape, its staring you in the face.” (Oates, 95)
In Meditation Two of René Descartes’ Meditation on First Philosophy, he notes the sight of “men crossing the square.” This observation is important as Descartes states, “But what do I see aside from hats and clothes, which could easily hide automata? Yet I judge them to be men.” This is an important realization as Descartes argues that instead of purely noticing the men through sight, it is actually “solely with the faculty of judgement,” the mind, that perceives and concludes that the thing wearing a hat and clothes are men. I argue that this view of the outside world by Descartes is incomplete as his idea of “I” is faulty, as well as having a misunderstanding on the importance of the senses.
actions, we can see that they can be viewed from different perspectives depending on the
Despite this problem, we believe it is the same piece of wax we see, touch, or imagine. But it is not our feelings or imagination that gives us the idea. If we had evaluated these abilities, and if the wax is distorted, we would not be able to agree that it is the same wax. This study enables us to recognize that the imagination, just like sensation, does not convey the true nature of wax; rather, this difficulty indicates that only understanding, exercising its powers of conception and judgment, performs the unifying function that constitutes the self-identity of the piece of wax: “our perception of the wax is neither a seeing, nor a touching, nor an imagining… but the mind alone” (68). Although the changing characteristics of the body has been transported through our senses and imagination, the identity of the matter is provided by the understanding of the wax itself. This analysis confirms Descartes’ view that “what we thought we had seen with our eyes, we actually grasped solely with the faculty of judgment, which is in our mind” (68). Therefore, any sense of the body is actually an introspection of our mind, not an external inspection.
After being taught three chapters of psychology I have encountered a wide range of information that has interested me, but perception has definitely interested me the most. It has interested me the most because ever since I was a kid I wondered why things closer to the car seemed to be moving faster than objects in the distance. Perception is the body's abilities to sense or detect something through its senses. We use perception everyday as it plays a large role in human life due to the fact that almost everything we encounter can be detected by our five senses.
Chapter 1- This is a second-dimentional world filled with lines and edges so everything here is completely flat. It is impossible to view anything other than a line becuse everything is viewed from one angle. Edwin Abbott uses a penny to explain this, loking down on it you would see a circle but if you lowered your gaze to the side, you would onle see a line.
In his discussion of the theory of ethical subjectivism, Russ Shafer-Landau posits an objection which is meant to show that subjectivism cannot account for situations in which we question whether or not our approvals are morally right (296). In the objection, the words “right”, “worthwhile”, and “value” are treated as interchangeable terms (Shafer-Landau, 296). Similarly, Shafer-Landau treats “approve of”, “committed to”, and “like” as equivalent phrases (296). For simplification, I will rely solely on the first set of terms Shafer-Landau uses (i.e. “right” and “approve of”). Although I am only using one set of terms, it is important to note that the objection I will posit can be equally applied to the other sets of terms as well.
One’s ethical belief system of what is right or wrong, is based on the lens in which one views life, or the worldview that one subscribes to. These beliefs can be adopted from a host of circumstances, consciously from a thoughtful introspective place, it can be shaped by one’s familial upbringing, a spiritual experience with God, or from an unreflective place derived unconsciously from one’s value system based on external resources. When shaping a conscious worldview in which our ethical belief system is a derivative, the framework of ontology, epistemology and axiology gives us the ability to ask who are we, what is truth, and how did we arrive at our values (Porter, 2013).
The entire piece uses abstraction to simplify the shape of every element in the room; reducing it to its most recognizable form. Shadows cast upon the floor from the window provide a comfortable direction for our eye to always land on the father, his son and the IV; they are the focal point of the composition. The moderate use of contrast to concentrate the light entering the room also helps us to focus on the father and son. The brightness of the window is in high contrast to the dark recess of the room to the right; once gain turning our focus to the light part of the picture and back to the
Over the course of the semester we discussed many different theories on epistemology. Our focus was to try to understand if we can claim true knowledge from the things we think we know, and how we come to know them. Experience seems to be the major factor that plays a role in the way we come to know things. According to contextualists, language, more so the context in which it is used, also plays a role in the way establish knowledge. In this paper we will focus on two contextual theorists, Ludwig Wittgenstein and David Lewis. We will discuss their theories and few skepticisms about their theories. A major contextualist claim is that our attributions of knowledge can vary from person to person based on the user’s context. The way we utter sentences, the many different contexts in which we use the words to form statements, may differ in truth value as well.
Barthes asserts that to look for only the literal message in a pure state is impossible, as it requires an ‘eviction’ of all the signs of connotation. This is also highly improbable as ‘they [connotive signs] can impregnate the whole of the image’. The denotive sign is, however, a ‘sufficient enough’ message as it still contains one meaning ‘at the level of the identification of the scene represented’ (P157). Barthes refers to this level as the ‘first degree of intelligibility’ wherein the reader is capable of interpreting more than just lines, colours and shapes and has gained some anthropological knowledge within their society.
I claim that on at least four counts, Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein present clearly analogous form: indirect
This week’s paper we were to research and identify three prevailing philosophical perspectives at work during the 20th Century. To begin I will research the history of a few new tendencies in contemporary philosophy. Then I will discuss the Tom Rockmore interpretation of such tendencies. Tom Rockmore is Professor of Philosophy and a McAnulty College Distinguished Professor, Dr. Rockmore's current research interests encompass all of modern philosophy, with special emphasis on selected problems as well as figures in German idealism (Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Marx) and recent continental philosophy (Heidegger, Habermas, Lukacs). He is continuing to explore the epistemology of German idealism as well as the relation between philosophy and
The entryways of the building come from four different sides and meet in the middle. The overall shape of the building creates different views and facades. The building was not created just on the looks of it; it is made up of a three dimensional, stimulating, tactile human thing.
The second part will base on the observation in first argument and argue that implication of term is part of the process of interpretation. Along the argument, author will strive to argue that the criticisms towards Lord Hoffmann’s are unconvincing.