Autonomy And Doubt In Erikson's Psychosocial Development

A theory proposed by Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) promotes the eight development stages of adolescents through adulthood by comparing the transitory periods. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for identity and personality development. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, this stage starts at birth and end at the age of one year. This stage also explains the safety that the infant is getting from the caregiver. For example, if the infant receives constant care, they will develop a sense of trust which will be carried out with them to other and future relationships. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt; this stage occurs at the age of two to three years old. In this stage, the child is mainly discovering their skills and abilities. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt; this stage occurs around age three to age

After the development of autonomy vs. shame and doubt, the child moves on to the development of initiative vs. guilt. From ages three to six, the child is building on their development of independence, and begin to develop the ability to start things on their own. This is often the age in which kids begin to want to do things for themselves. At this age, it is important that the kids are encouraged to initiate, plan, devise, and do things for themselves. If a child does not have an adequate development of initiative, they will be afraid to try new things, which, similar to all other developmental stages, will effect the individual later in life. I ranked below average in this category for people my age, showing that I lean more towards guilt than I do towards initiative. This is shown through my seeking out of others when it comes to trying something new; rather than wanting to try something new on my own, I usually seek the comfort of having others with me. Following this stage, the age of five up until about 12 years of age, the child begins the development of industry vs. inferiority.

Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. Because his mother was Jewish and his father was not, he was often bullied in school. He had blonde hair and blue eyes, so his Jewish peers mocked him for standing out and being different, and his peers at school teased him simply for being Jewish. His own internal conflict with his identity sparked his interest in identity formation and development. Although he never actually received a degree in medicine or psychology, he became friends with Anna Freud who helped him study psychoanalysis. Erikson supported and was influenced by many of Sigmund Freud’s ideas. Freud had a theory on development, he called it the 5 stages of psychosexual development, this is one of the theories that Erikson

The second stage is the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage, which occurs in early childhood. During this time period, children are discovering they have multiple abilities and skills. Erikson’s theory states that it is vital for children to be able to explore the limits of their abilities in a supportive environment that is permissive of failure. If the child is supported in their attempts at independence, they become more confident, but if they are over-controlled and criticized, the child will feel a sense of doubt in their abilities and may become overly dependent on

The second stage in Erickson’s theory is the stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt, this stage occurs between the ages of two and three. This is the stage where individuals are supposed to learn personal control (Crandell and Crandell p.36). This is stage where you basically gain control over everything. Erikson believed that an important aspect of this stage is toilet training the child, he believed that proper toilet training and learning how to control body functions, provides for a feeling of control and sense of independence. Other ideas of this stage is that the child learns to make their own food and clothing preferences and their favorite toys. Successful outcomes of this stage are the feelings of confidence and security as you get older. Unsuccessful outcomes lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. A perfect combination of this stage would result in the child acting with intention, within their reasons and limits (Erikson’s theory, p 1). During this stage, I was able to pick out my own outfits (I know this because nothing I

Hannah Bailey is a young, wild, and carefree teenager from a small town called Warsaw, Indiana. She attends Warsaw Community High School and she likes music, art, and photography. Majority of the students at the school are Caucasian and most of them are in cliques, relationships, and are somewhat popular. People call Hannah weird and say that she does not fit in with everyone. She wants to go to college in California to study film. Hannah lives with her grandmother because her mother suffers from depression and is not in the home, and her father works out of town in Ohio. Hannah’s boyfriend, Joel, is also a big part of her life. She spends a lot of her time with him. For Hannah, Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory can be used to help explain her adolescent life.

Erikson's third psychosocial stage is initiative versus guilt. After finding a solution to the problem of autonomy and being firmly convinced that he is a person, the child now wishes to find out what kind of person he is going to be (Erikson, 1959). As such, children become more intrusive and want to find out more about the world around them. As such, the main conflict that arises in this stage is whether their initiative is rewarded or whether they are punished to the point where they think it is wrong to be curious and will be less active. During this stage, children start thinking more about how the skills they have learned can help them with the goals they have started imagining. Because of this wish to improve and engage in activities,

Rachel Getting Married is a movie about a drug addict who 's coming home from rehab to attend her sister’s wedding. The main character’s name is Kim. In the movie, she is shown to have many issues going on, ranging from an incomplete stage of Erikson 's to symptoms of depression. Throughout the movie, she goes through many emotional turmoils and drama, which changes her behavior.

The second stage of Erikson’s eight stages of development is called Autonomy vs shame and doubt. This is the time where children to start to do things on their own, for example,

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the next stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory. This stage primarily deals with the issue "Can I act on my own?" and it last from about age one until age three (Sigelman, C. & Rider, E., 2009, pg.332). According to Erikson (2009) in this stage a toddler begins to assert their will and they develop a greater sense of their own identity. Research supports this developmental stage as well, and 18 month olds begin to "recognize themselves in a mirror and lace their speech with me and no" (Sigelman, C. & Rider, E., 2009, pg.332). To develop this stage parents should let their children have some control over small areas of their lives. One way a parent could do this would be give their toddler a choice in what they wear between several outfits, or a choice of activities. Parents could ask their 3 year old "do you want to go to the pool or do you want to go to the park today?" This would allow their toddler to act on their own and develop a sense of autonomy without relinquishing too much control to them.

The eight stages of Erikson’s theory are as follows: Stage 1 is from birth to 18 months with a conflict resolution of trust vs mistrust. Babies gain a sense of confidence when properly cared for or become insecure when neglected or abused. Stage 2 is from 18 months to 3 years with a conflict resolution of autonomy vs shame and doubt. Children gain a sense of independence when allowed to choose for themselves within reasonable limits or doubt themselves and the choices they make when parents are over-controlling and shame them for making a wrong choice. Stage 3 is from 3 to 6 years with a conflict resolution of initiative vs guilt. Here a child learns how to properly socialize and cooperate with others through playing; however, when guilt

Early Childhood is roughly from 18 months to 3 years. During early childhood, the second stage of Erikson’s theory manifests; this stage is called Autonomy v. Shame. In this stage, “the psycho social theme of autonomy-shame and doubt is manifested during toddlerhood and leads to self-will or will-power.” (Ginsburg, 1992) If all the needs of the individual are met at this stage they develop a feeling of self-control and power over themselves. If the individual’s needs are not met in this stage they tend to develop feelings of shame and doubt in themselves. “If individuals

Erikson developed eight stages of human development. Briefly I would describe all eight my I will concentrate on stages five and six which are adolescence and young adulthood. Myer describes the stages in the following manner. Stage one occurs during the first year This stage is called infancy (trust vs. mistrust) during this stage if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. The second stage is called the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt). This stage occurs while the baby is two years old, in this stage toddlers learn to exercise will do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. The third stage is called the preschooler between the ages of three and five (initiative vs. guilt). During this stage preschoolers learn to initiate

I am now in Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development and I am experiencing only industry and not inferiority. I am six years old and I am switching schools already. School is really hard for me because I am incredibly timid and I do not speak to any other classmates. My teacher also makes me cry everyday before and after school, so my parents and grandmother decided to take me out of private school in kindergarten. But I like school because it gives me a place to be productive in. I have a hard time adjusting to other classmates in my new school but I like my teacher in first grade, Mrs. Barnehart, and form a good relationship with her due to behaving well in class. She writes my mom notes and praises me for listening

Adolescence is the fifth stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It is posited to last from ages 12 to 18, and the basic conflict inherent in the adolescent stage, which the person must resolve, is between identity and role confusion. This conflict between identity and role confusion especially plays itself out in peer relationships, but the teenager also navigates through identity and role confusion with relationships in the family unit. Identity and role confusion issues can arise with sexuality, as well as worldviews.