Baby-Friendly Initiative

Positive messages about breastfeeding should be evident in the midwife’s practice room (Ewles and Simnett, 2003). Literature and posters that promote breastfeeding can be prominently displayed. All magazines and literature in the waiting room can be examined to ensure that there are no unwanted advertisements or promotions of formula.

It should be noted that these services vary according to population needs, with some studies even indicating that services vary based on the racial background of the participants (Evans, Labbok, & Abrahams 2011). This should be a cause for concern, and discrepancies in services provided must be avoided to limit further disparities. Data from the Centers for Disease Control (2016) found that in 2010, the rates for breastfeeding initiation was 74% for Native American women, which was lower than other groups. In order to better combat breastfeeding disparities, the WIC program continues to tailor their breastfeeding support services to achieve the Healthy People 2020 goals by increasing the number of trained staff, holding community involvement sessions, and constructing additional educational components.

The World Health Organization suggests that mothers solely breastfeed for the first six months of life, and continue to use breast milk to supplement the child’s diet for up to two years and beyond. Despite this being encouraged all around the world, the percentage of mothers who actually follow this advice is only high in developing countries. In these countries, over 99% of mothers typically begin breastfeeding newborns, and many children continue to be breastfed through their second year (Brown, 2015). In developed countries, the percentage drops drastically. In the UK, and similarly in America, Australia, and much of Europe, the percentage of mothers who begin breastfeeding is high, 81%, but the percentage drops to just 55% at six weeks. Norway experienced similar percentages in the 1970s, but there has been a culture change that has led to 98% of mothers breastfeeding at

In correlation to not being able to breastfeed, there are also many other factors including racial and cultural influences which shape the way a mother chooses to provide for her infant. In fact through one study it was shown that women in Asian countries breastfeed more than those here in the United States. This difference can also be shown through different economic standings; the majority of women who breastfeed often arise from the middle class. This is due to the fact that these women are more able to meet breastfeeding demands as they do not have to return to work right away, unlike those in lower economic standings. Not only does this perspective reveal the societal pressures on new mothers and differences among infant care, but it also discusses how the public has often been misinformed when it comes to the advantages of breastfeeding. More times than not, the benefits of breastfeeding are based on faulty scientific studies which often fail to account for other potential factors that aid in development. In addition many advocates fail to mention the aspects of breastmilk that are not very advantageous, such as environmental toxins. Though this perspective agrees with the fact that breastmilk is a good source of nourishment, it argues that promotion of this practice usually leaves mothers feeling convicted when they are unable to

Results showed that mothers in blue collar and clerical jobs tended to terminate breastfeeding earlier than mothers who perform professional or managerial work (Dagher et al., 2016; Guendelman et al., 2009; Kimbro, 2006). Non-professional women are typically less likely than professional women to have access to employer-sponsored lactation accommodations and autonomy in arranging their work schedules. Nevertheless, another study found that professional women with inflexible work schedules are also at risk of discontinuing breastfeeding early. In the study by Sattari et al. (2013), physicians who do not have sufficient time to express milk tend to discontinue breastfeeding a month earlier than those who have time to express milk. Similarly, Ms.Clancy acknowledged that her client population of professional women such as teachers are at high risk of having low milk supply and early cessation due to the lack of flexible work schedule and break time. Inflexible work schedule and insufficient breaks are the hazards to maintain successful breastfeeding in the

The second audience segment is support partners of pregnant women of color. This group is made up of the father of the child as well as the mother and grandmother of the pregnant woman. Messaging for this group will cater to the contemplation and action stages in the model, illustrating the health benefits to mother and baby as well as how supportive partners can encourage breastfeeding success. The final audience segment is postpartum mothers in the action and maintenance stages. The messaging for this group will focus on following through with breastfeeding intention to actual initiation as well as support messaging for breastfeeding continuation.

One of the most important public health issues when having a child is breastfeeding. Nursing a child is one of the biggest controversial health topics in today’s society. Breastfeeding was the standard in the 1800s. By the time formula began distribution in the 1930s, a social standard was created that breastfeeding only appealed to the lower class. It was more convenient to purchase a can of cow’s milk based formula. In the 1970s, society noticed a decrease of breastfeeding mothers; only 24 percent of new mothers nursed their infant (Wolf 2003). Today, public health and new laws have made it possible for new mothers to appreciate the benefits of breastfeeding.

This essay will explain the potential issues that might impede the new mother and infant’s relationship post caesarean. However, there are many factors that can impact the process of breastfeeding for example pain from the suture line, limited support network, drowsiness from the anaesthetic, not enough skin to skin contact, limited knowledge of attachment and breastfeeding, cultural needs, baby being admitted to the special care nursey, social stigmas of breastfeeding which all can play a major role in breastfeeding within the first twenty-four hours of birth.

The rate of exclusive breast-feeding at OHSU before they implemented the new pacifier policy was 80%, however researchers were hoping to increase this percentage. By implementing this new policy the hospital was moving towards becoming a “Baby-Friendly” hospital. This term is only applicable to 10% of hospitals in the United States and not giving pacifiers to breast-fed babies is one of the ten steps required for this coveted certification. Researchers at OHSU were shocked to find that when they limited infant pacifier use exclusive breast-feeding rates decreased. Researchers discovered “after tracking 2,249 babies born between June 2010 and August 2011 [WANT TO DELETE they noted] that exclusive breast-feeding rates dropped from 79% of infants between July and November 2010 to 68% between January and August 2011” (Rochman, 2012 p. 1). The percentage of babies that only received formula remained consistent, while infants that required supplemental formula increased from 18% to 28%. Dr. Carrie Phillipi a Co-author of the study and associate professor of pediatrics at OHSU was really surprised at the effects of limiting pacifier use, she thought “limiting pacifier use would improve breast-feeding rates” (Rochman, 2012 p. 1). Dr. Phillipi presented at the annual meeting of the Pediatric

All mothers who are participating in the study have the right to freedom from harm, right to privacy and dignity, and the right to anonymity (Schmidt & Brown, 2015). Prior to the start of the research study, the researcher must inform all participating mothers regarding any risks and benefits to participating in the study (Schmidt & Brown, 2015). In this study, there are no real risks, however, benefits to successful breastfeeding must be explained thoroughly to each mother. In addition, the researcher must monitor each mother closely to reduce any potential risk of injury (Schmidt & Brown, 2015). In this research study, the lactation consultant will meet with each mother every week for six months. At this time, the mother will be assessed and monitored for any negative effects that may occur during breastfeeding. Some negative issues that may occur are as follows: Cracked nipples, engorgement, breast pain, and will also monitor the baby to evaluate if they are receiving enough milk to satisfy proper weight gain. Furthermore, the researcher must obtain consent prior to the start of the study. This will be a written document that the researcher will explain to each mother thoroughly. In addition, any questions the mother has regarding the research study will be answered at this time. When all questions are answered, the mother will sign the consent form allowing for

Qualitative research differs from quantitative research fundamentally but their objectives and applications overlap in many ways. Based on the quantitative article “Healthcare providers’ perceptions of breastfeeding peer counselors in the neonatal intensive care unit” (Rossman, Engstrom, & Meier, 2012, p. 461) that focused on the perceptions and experiences of the healthcare professionals who work with the peer counselors in the NICU department, this provides an in-depth understanding and insight about the intended research. The data collection is through a private interview using an interview guide that are semi-structured and open-ended questions, healthcare providers who participated in the study were asked about their perceptions of the breastfeeding peer counselor program as well as their experiences in working with the peer counselors (Rossman, Engstrom, & Meier, 2012, p. 461). Data were analyzed using the framework approach which is “the diffusion of innovations theory” (Rossman et al., 2012, p. 462) that focuses on the characteristics of the new breastfeeding peer counselor program in the NICU department (Rossman et al., 2012, p. 462). And the framework approach starts deductively but also uses inductive analysis and analytic analysis (Rossman et al., 2012, p. 464). While the quantitative research “breastfeeding protects against acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in infants”

The program received federal funding in 1974, and the WIC programs are often offered through local health departments or state health and welfare agencies. There is a certain criteria women, infants, and children have to meet to receive the benefits of the program. Since 1974 the program has grown tremendously. “The average number of monthly WIC participants was 88,000; in 2014 that number was just over nine million women, infants, and children” (McKenzie, et al.). WIC has been proven to be one of the most effective ways to improve the health of women, infants, and children. “Research indicates that participants in the WIC program during pregnancy provides women with a number of positive outcomes, some of which include birth to babies with higher birth weights, fewer fetal and infant deaths, and increased rate of breastfeeding initiative” (McKenzie et

There is also an inherent weakness in the rate women can answer questions correctly and fully, despite early infant childcare considerations, such as sleep loss and accurate record keeping, which is not addressed in this project. Multiple definitions of success also cloud self reporting: in many studies exclusivity means only breastfeeding at the breast, whereas some means just breastmilk in any form; supplementation can also mean at the breast or via bottle; infant weight gain may be adequate for an individual child but considered too low to for a defined successful rate in study parameters; and self reported success can be even more subjective (Fairbanks et al., 2000; Geraghty et al., 2013). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends “exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months,

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative was started by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 1991 in order to increase breastfeeding rates worldwide. This program established over 26 years ago was developed for recognizing birthing facilities for their top level of infant feeding practices as well as mother- child bonding style focus. The success of initiative can be contributed to the UNICEF/WHO Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding guidelines. These guidelines were established in order to standardize the information and care provided to women about postpartum in regardless of type of birth. As of 2016, over 170 countries have taken measures to implement the UNICEF/WHO Ten Steps to

Now days, they have a lactation consultant to help with any trouble or questions you have about breast feeding. They are able to help at any time of the day 7 days a week. When helping, they want to make sure you are comfortable with everything and understand not just the basics but also complications that may arise with breast feeding before they let you go solo.