Before networks became extensive, there was no such thing as interior and exterior gateway protocols. A network simply just ran on a generic routing protocol. This eventually ran into problems so Routing Information Protocol (RIP) was developed and ran as the single routing protocol for many years [1]. As the internet grew, however, this single routing protocol could no longer handle all the traffic. Because of this, over time numerous other routing protocols were developed to meet the needs of routing. One of the numerous gateway protocols that were developed was Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is classified as an exterior gateway protocol (EGP).
BGP was developed in January 1989 at the 12th Internet Engineering Task Force Meeting
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This is done by rejecting any routing update in which a local AS number is contained [2]. If a local AS was accessed and already contained, it tells BGP that the route has already passed through that AS. Additional routing information is found in below.
To complete these tasks successfully, BGP was designed to run over a reliable transport protocol, which is why it uses TCP as it is a connection-oriented protocol (specifically port 179) [2]. TCP also allows eliminates the need for BGP to implement explicit update information, retransmissions, acknowledgements, and sequencing [3].The current version that is being used since roughly 1995 is version 4. This version introduced numerous new BGP features and extensions to allow it to forward routing information to the protocol address families IPv4, IPv6, and CLNS [2]. This way the extensions allow all internet protocols to be valid connecting all networks across the world.
AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS
An autonomous system is a single routing protocol in a collection of networks with the same routing policy [4]. It can also be defined as a network controlled by a single technical administration entity. They are usually under a single ownership and identified by a unique number. Service providers and enterprise customers such as AT&T are examples of an autonomous system. They are used to divide external global networks into distinct routing domains so that local routing policies can be applied [2]. This simplifies
TCP/IP is a protocol which transfers data across a network. It allows two different computers to communicate well even if they use different codes. Putting both computers into a new common code language which both computers
The Router protocols implemented will be a OSPF which stands for (open shortest path first). Because of the large network being introduced this protocol will be the most useful. This protocol operates on Internal Gateway Protocols by routing the most direct path and using the bandwidth most optimally. This not only reduces the use of
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched networks. It is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP), that is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet. It was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. It still used to routing most Internet traffic today, eventhough we have the next version of it,IPv6.
AODV are utilized, instead of broadcasting data packets, S start off a route discovery protocol that requires broadcasting smaller Route Request
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the basic communication protocols, which were designed to provide low level support for internetworking. This term is generally also used to refer to a more generalised collection of protocols developed by the internet community and U.S. Department of Defence.
The internet layer is built up of four core protocols: IP, IGMP, ICMP and ARP. Internet protocol (IP) is responsible for routing, IP addressing and breakdown/reassembly of data packets, address resolution protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address to a device on the local network, internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides diagnostic information and error reports on lost packets, internet group management protocol (IGMP) controls who receives IP datagrams in a single transmission. The transport layer is built up of two core protocols: TCP and UDP. Transmission control protocol (TCP) sequences and acknowledges packets sent and their recovery when lost in transmission allowing the computer to make and maintain network conversations where applications exchange data, defined as a connection-oriented protocol meaning the connection is maintained until the programs has finished exchanging data. User datagram protocol (UDP) This is used to transfer small amounts of data when the use of error correction isn’t needed increasing the speed of the transmission, common in multi-player video games as the user will not need to receive packets of past events in the game so the error correction featured in (TCP) would be
In a figure all ways from S to D incorporate hosts that are outside the request zone. Accordingly, there is no surety that a way can be discovered comprising just of the hosts in a picked request zone. In this manner, if a route is not found inside of a suitable timeout period, our convention Wows S to start another route disclosure with an extended request zone – in our simulations, the extended zone incorporates the whole system space. in this case the inactivity in deciding the route to D be longer.
| Given a network topology and three or more routers and an IPv4 addressing scheme, implement RIPv1 routing protocol and confirm layer 3 connectivity.
Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR): An OSPF router that connects to routers that do not use OSPF for the purpose of exchanging external routes into and out of the OSPF domain
classless interdomain routing (CIDR)- One of the short-term solutions to the IPv4 address exhaustion problem that actually helped solve the problem for a much longer time frame. CIDR allows more flexibility in how many addresses IANA assigns to a
This protocol use Dijkstra algorithm. It maintains a complex data base, also called as link state database, which contains full information about the remote routers and the exact network topology. The goal from this protocol is to provide similar information about network connection to each router, so each router can calculate the best route to each network this is happen when each router generates information about itself and pass these information to other routers in the network so each router make a copy of this information without changing it.
Peterson, L. L., & Davie, B. S. (2011). Computer Networks, Fifth Edition: A Systems Approach (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking). Morgan Kaufmann.
The TCP/IP protocols are the heart and soul of the Internet, and they describe the fundamental rules that govern all communications in the network. The original address system of the Internet is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. However, IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.
When connecting your internal network to the internet the need route the packets between the two networks happens inside a router. This translation between the two different networks is known as network address translation (NAT). There are advantages when using NAT as well as disadvantages to the end user, network administrators and overall functionality of the network. We also have to understand the differences between IPv4, IPv6, and the need for NAT in each as they are different protocols and will operate differently ("Network Address Translation," 2015).
Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link standard that is ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols for internetworking, i.e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host-to-host data transfer, and application-specific data transmission formats.