Generally, secret or hard-to-find information differentiates a group or institution in charge of it from those without access or knowledge. It attributes to the group an informational advantage which is carried out in terms of intimidation or (implicit) trust. Should the knowledge become public, this information asymmetry is abrogated and the group’s power diminishes. For example, the Ku Klux Klan in the US rose to power thanks to a self-created mythos and inside facts and rituals, but lost most of its appeal and influence once Stetson Kennedy published a large part of their secret information.
The Black Gangster Disciple Nation and McDonald’s resemble each other in structural and organisational terms. Both are segregated into several
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A lot of the topics touch on daily life issues and well known conventional wisdoms and thus leave some thought-provoking impact.
However, Levitt, in the introduction of Freakonomics, declares economics to be a simple “science of measurement” depicting reality compared to and distinct from morality considered as ideals or utopias of that reality. In my opinion this statement underestimates the significance of economic theory in today’s world, is generalised and insufficient. Economic theory and measurements have strong implications, e.g. for the perception of national welfare, and consequently policies and regulations of a country which attributes to economics much more command than a mere supply of information. Furthermore, reality can hardly be described only by numbers since feelings and morality as foundations of our values and beliefs take a large and decisive part in life and our decisions, but can hardly be measured as such. Even the economic system of exchange is not only based on efficiency and quantitative terms but indeed on moral-based conduct as well. Overall, I consider explaining the world by mere measurements and a collection of factual data too simplistic.
What most negatively occurred to me was that, at least partly due to Levitt’s deliberate distinction between morality and economics, no
Unlimited, endless, fast food choices, and yet there are two that stand out above the rest. McDonald’s and Burger King are the two biggest burger fast food chains in the world. So let me ask you this, who has a better menu? Who’s Cheaper? And which one is healthier? This debate will once and for all come to an end, once all of these points have been met throughout my paper. McDonald’s vs. Burger King has been a long running argument. You will finally come to realize that McDonald’s is the better choice for you.
In Chapter 2, the authors discuss the economic term known as "information asymmetry." As the book explains, the term information asymmetry refers to when a person uses his information advantage to gain power to the detriment of others. The discussion of information asymmetry begins with a brief history of the Ku Klux Klan. According to the authors, much of the Klan's power in the 1940s lies in the fact that it maintains so much secrecy in everything it does. After World War II, a man named Stetson Kennedy leads to the Klan's ultimate downfall by exposing many of its secrets. Kennedy infiltrates the Klan by becoming a member of a Klan group in Atlanta, where he learns all of the group's secret rituals, names and handshakes, as well as its hierarchy.
The Gangster Disciples are still an active group in the United States (Mallory, 2012). There are members of the group in over 35 states and 70 U.S. cities (Mallory, 2012). Nearly 20,000 members reside in the city of Chicago, where the FBI considers this group a “major organized crime group” (Mallory, 2012, p. 208). The Gangster Disciples were formed after the death of the group’s original leaders, David Barksdale (Mallory, 2012). A young man who was already a member of the group, Larry Hoover become the new leader of the Gangster Disciples because he was a person that Barksdale watched over (Mallory, 2012). After his death, the group split into the Black Disciples and the Gangster Disciples (Mallory, 2012). The group became prone to violence
What Money Can’t Buy; The Moral Limits of Market by Michael Sandel argues the relationship between markets and our morality. His central concern is the influence of money on the sphere of life traditionally governed by nonmarket norms such as rights as a citizen, care for others, and civic duties. He demonstrated that market is responsible for destroying our sense of morality by placing monetary value to it. This paper will argue the relationship between market and morality through demonstrating the type of goods corrupted by money, the flaws in the market system that causes such problems, and the political solution for this problem as suggested by Michael Sandel respectively.
For this review I read Freakonomics written by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner. This book was published by William Morrow an Imprint of HarperCollins and is copyrighted 2005. Freakonomics is a unique book where there is no central story. It is not a story where it goes from point a to point b and follows a traditional storyline. This book is broken up into a collection of mini stories where the authors try explore issues and approach them from a non-conventional way of thinking. Some of these issues in the book include comparing Ku Klux Klan members to real estate agents, why drug dealers live with their moms, and linking abortion to criminal rates. The book addresses the issues at hand and uses data they have accrued and in their
is given to the citizens that live in the US. This right as well as many
Why is gang affiliation such an alluring, appealing lifestyle? Admittedly, the appeal is conceivable. Watching Boyz in the Hood or listening to hip-hip may cause some to think, “I can live that life,” but thought does not turn into action while others never formulate such a thought. This raises the question, why does Monster Kody Scott, consider devout gang membership as a sole objective despite constant contingencies of incarceration and demise? To answer this question, this paper will take the social disorganization position in its review of Monster: An Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member. In addition, this paper will use examples to show that social disorganization explains the behavior portrayed the book.
The 1960s saw big changes in the development of modern gangs, such as the development of super gangs in the Chicago and Los Angeles areas. Super gangs developed from small neighborhood gangs that group together with other gangs near the same neighborhood after they became larger and stronger the gangs began to force the smaller gangs to join their gang organization. In Chicago there where three main African American super gangs the Blackstone Rangers, Disciples, and the Vice Lords, The term gangs makes me think criminals, mugger or even killers not of being involved in programs to better the community. In the summer of 1967 leader of the Vice Lords meant with Western Electric and Sears and Roebuck the outcome of this meeting according to our
In order to discuss the different ways in which economists considered societies could resolve the economic calculation problem and the implications of the economic calculation debate it is important to consider different view points of influential economists from all over the world.
Likewise and the topic of this paper Solomon provides a thorough discussion of the problems of the present global economy. In his essay Solomon provides three mind-wrenching questions that questions and supports his methods of economic reform. The first question of “is it possible to engage in the pursuit of wealth without succumbing to greed and selfishness?” brings the topic of morality when it comes to wealth (108). Sallie McFague brings an argument stating that human beings are people filled with emotions of self-interest and will do whatever it takes to become wealthy. In the grand scheme of things this innate self-interest that is within people makes it extremely tough for countries to follow certain Jewish laws that he provided. McFague’s solution of moving towards an ecological economic system makes it tough on countries as well because it will force them to forget about their self-interest and learn to understand that they are dependent upon each other. McFague states, “ecological economics claims we
In the Case McDonald v. City of Chicago resident Mr. Otis McDonald is a 76 year old retired engineer who has lived in his neighborhood for about 40 years. Over time his peaceful community has been overtaken by gangs and drug dealers. His home and property have been littered on a regular basis and his garage has been broken to about 5 times. Mr. McDonald legally owns a shotgun but believed it would be “unwieldy in event of a robbery.” So he wanted to purchase a simple handgun. But living in Chicago in at this time he was unable to purchase one, due to Chicago’s requirement that all firearms to be registered to the city, McDonald was unable to register the purchased handgun when Chicago started to refuse all handgun registration requests since the citywide handgun ban was passed in 1982. McDonald and three other Chicago residents joined up and made a lawsuit which became McDonald v. City of Chicago, a court case to allow him and Chicago residents to own a handgun. The constitutional issue at hand is the violation of the second amendment rights to bear arms (firearms). Using the Fourteenth Amendment, McDonald will be able to make his case protecting his right from infringement by local governments.
The legal question in the case would be “Does second amendment apply to everywhere or can states and cities overturn it”. In the case McDonald vs. Chicago, the case was only applied for a man defending himself, and 2nd Amendment only protects a right to possess a firearm. However for the case District of Columbia v. Heller the Court declined to say whether the 2nd Amendment not only applied to the District of Columbia, but also the states and local
Economics can be applied in many situations where you wouldn’t normally expect it found. In “Freakonomics”, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, the authors attempt to reveal what is happening behind the curtain of modern day life by comparing what you would think are two completely different people or subjects, and they relate these seemingly uncommon topics to more sophisticated economic concepts. The authors initially claimed that there was no theme, but after reading the book I have realized that there are many misunderstandings in the standard wisdom that we know due to the fact that people usually do not look into the motives of a given situation to uncover the truth.
The book Superfreakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, is basically just a collection of stories that analyze certain aspects of our society/world, and evaluate why something is what it is or how it can be changed. All solutions/evaluations made by the authors though, are from an economist’s point of view. This is one of the main reasons why I chose this book alongside the fact that some of the stories inside I found to be quite intriguing. Topics discussed in the book ranged from why suicide bombers should buy life insurance to how street prostitutes are like department store Santa clauses. Despite the “interesting” topics discussed though, the main reason I chose this book was for the economics viewpoint of the authors. It
The secret' designation referred to information in which its disclosure might endanger the national security, or cause serious injury to the interests of the nation or be of great advantage to a foreign nation. Similarly, confidential' could be applied to material of such a nature that is disclosure, although not endangering the national security, might be harmful to the interests or prestige of the Nation. The term restricted' is used in instances where information is for official use only and should be denied access to the general public.