Bomb Calorimetry Essay

The percentage error for both trials came to 79.6% and 85% so if only 20% of the energy was released onto the can the rest of it was released into the atmosphere and its surrounding areas. As a result, the amount of energy being released onto the can was short but the rest of energy eventually released at a high percentage because the energy does not disappear, but the energy goes out to surrounding and the air. Significantly, every calculation was taken accurately but the error percentage somehow proved inaccurate because we used the equation Q=m*Cp*T to calculate how much energy was being released by the sample and then we also used it calculate the Calories per gram which there we figured out the changes within the experiment then when we subtracted the result and divided it by 6.4 then times it by 100 it gives the amount of the percentage error to determine how much energy was released and find out where it ended all up to be. In conclusion, the energy released during combustion reaction goes to the air and everything else around the energy because due to the amount energy being released it can tell us how much energy went missing and find out where it all went to determine the error that went on during the

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols = == == == ==

During 1941 through 1945 a war had occurred in the Pacific between the Americans and the Japanese this war was called The Pacific Theater. This war was also being fought during the duration of another World War against Germany and Japan but on May 8, 1945 Germany surrendered to the allied powers leaving Japan to still be dealt with. However Japan would not surrender even after the major battles between the Americans and Japanese in Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The Americans then came to conclusion to try and get to a new military weapon which then started the ManHattan Project. The Manhattan Project established a new powerful military weapon known as the Atomic Bomb. This new entirely militarized weapon was designed to force Japan into surrendering because Japan was still willing to fight even though they were on a brink of defeat and they were

In 1945, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor without a warning and killed about 2,400 Americans. Later in 1945, the Americans attacked Hiroshima without a warning. The Americans also bombed Nagasaki, but the Japanese were warned and were given three days to evacuate or surrender. The United States’ decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a military measure to destroy the Japanese military, force Japan’s surrender, and save American lives.

Secretary of War, Stimson was able to raise the possible outcomes that will come from the use of the bomb on non-combatants. It would taint the United States ‘international standing and reputation” . However, Truman did not take the location of the city into consideration. Furthermore, he was not particularly concern with the targets because he believed the air force would take of that. He left that to the military officials that were in charge of the operation, but he wanted to women or children to get hurt in the process. Ultimately, Truman trusted his officials in the matters of the atomic bomb. He’s faith in his official determined the consequences that would erupt.

To prepare a quantitative solution, you need to know the weight of the substance and the quantity of the solution. For example, you have 40 grams of NaOH (Sodium Oxide) in 1000mL of water. The amount of water and weight of the substance makes a Mole. one mole is equal to 1000mL of water and 40 grams of NaOH and varies by the amount of water you have but the weight of the substance must also change. To make a correct solution, you need to know the atomic mass of the substance and how much water you have in mL or L. If there are multiple elements, you need to add the combined weight of all elements (EX. NaOH= 23+16+1+40 grams.) and then divide the weight by the mass. To make a solution, you should use a beaker or flask that can measure at least

A more detailed explanation of procedures can be found in the lab packet.1 To summarize, samples of benzoic acid and naphthalene were combusted using the Parr 1341 Calorimeter with a Parr oxygen bomb. A massed benzoic acid pellet was placed onto the center of the combustion pan and 10 cm of nickel alloy fuse wire was massed and then threaded through both electrodes on the head of the bomb so that it lay firmly against the acid pellet. 1mL of distilled water was then placed in the bottom of the bomb in order to ensure that all the water produced by the

In order to determine whether a hydrocarbon produced heat upon altering its chemical state, a bomb calorimeter was used to find the value of the heat of combustion for sucrose and an altoid mint. Using benzoic acid to calibrate the bomb calorimeter, the two samples were individually placed in a combustion cup within a stainless-steel cylinder enveloped in water, sealed shut by a shield containing a thermometer. After igniting the bomb, a change in temperature (°C) versus time (s) was recorded. Using the following equation, ∆T=T_c-T_A-r_1 (b-a)-r_2 (c-b), the ∆T of benzoic acid was 3.71°K. Which lead to the determination of the effective heat capacity, using C_(v,cal)=((∆cH_b-∆nRT/m_b ) m_b+C_Fe+C_N)/∆T, to be -9,666.27J/g

Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to identify which tree nut of the 4 that were tested (hazelnuts, walnuts, pecans, and almonds) had the highest energy content. Hypothesis If different tree nuts are tested for their energy content then the tree nuts with the highest amount of oil on its exterior (shell) will have the greater energy content, this is because the tree nuts with the greater oil content will catch fire at a quicker pace than the tree nuts with a smaller oil amount on their outer shell. Background information Calorimetry is how you measure the amount of heat that is let off during a chemical reaction.

An atomic bomb is a bomb whose violent explosive power is due to the sudden release of energy resulting from the splitting of nuclei of a heavy chemical element (as plutonium or uranium) by neutrons in a very rapid chain reaction —called also atom bomb. 2 : a nuclear weapon (as a hydrogen bomb)

To know which of the many hydrocarbons it was, we needed to find the molar mass of the gas inside of the lighter and then determine the gas. Procedure: Gather important materials (graduated cylinder, lighter which held the gas, thermometer, bucket of water, and a table of water vapor pressures at various temperatures) Find and record the temperature of the water Find and record the mass of the lighter Fill up the graduated cylinder completely with water Place the graduated cylinder upside down in the bucket of water Put the lighter underneath graduated cylinder

When the fuels are burnt, energy is given off. I will be calculating the energy given off using the formula above. The specific heat capacity is the energy

The hydrochloric acid is put into a calorimeter and then the zinc is added after. The lid is closed after the zinc is added and a thermometer is inserted through the lid in order to check the temperature as the reaction takes place . The temperature is measured until the reaction has completed and the highest temperature is used as the final temperature. ∆T is then found by the equation ∆T=Tfinal-Tinitial. Then according using the equation ∆H=mc ∆T+PV. In this lab the pressure remains constant while the volume is changing. In order to calculate the volume the same reaction with the same amount of zinc and hydrochloric acid is used. However, instead of a calorimeter, an erhlenmeyer flask with a balloon put over the top is used. The hydrochloric acid is placed into a flask, the zinc is placed inside the balloon and then sealed over the flask. By dropping the zinc into the flask the reaction occurs. This allows the H₂ gas to be captured in the balloon. The circumference of the balloon is then found. The circumference can then be applied to the equation C=2πr and the radius is determined. Using the radius of the balloon, in the equation V=(4/3)πr³ the volume taken up by the hydrogen gas can be found. The pressure is the pressure of the air which is measured with a barometer. ∆H can be found by multiplying the mass of hydrochloric acid, the specific heat of HCl, and ∆T of the hydrochloric

The aim of this experiment was to test the heat of combustion over a period of time, and the energy required to combust alcohols with different carbon chain levels. It was hypothesised that the higher the carbon chain of the alcohol present, the faster the heat of combustion will occur. Meaning more energy will be released for a higher carbon chain. After calculating the results from the experiment it was found that the hypothesis was partially supported. The reasoning for this is as the alcohol that posses a higher carbon chain, generally increased there reaction rates. However there were a few exceptions to this rule.

Carefully measure 75 of 1.0 M NaOH in a 100-ml graduated cylinder and pour it into the calorimeter. Leaving the thermometer out, place the top on the calorimeter.