Canada, the United States and the Cold War

For many decades, writers and authors have accused the American influence on Canada as one of the reasons why Canada is losing its heritage, with one major aspect being the game of hockey. The institutionalization of American Culture began to take root in Canada during the late 1920’s and 1930s as technological advances, specifically the invention of the radio, allowed Canadians to enjoy American entertainment. American stations were much more reliable than Canadian ones, causing American sporting stations such as NBC and CBS to become extremely popular in Canada (Gruneau et al, 1993). As Canada was becoming intertwined with the United States (U.S.), it was becoming less of a satellite of Britain, which made it tremendously difficult for Canada’s elite to protect British ideals such as self-improvement and participating in sport for the game’s sake. (Gruneau et al, 1993). In the early 1940’s, after the great depression forced many franchises to dismantle, the National Hockey League (NHL) was left with six teams, which made up the famous “original six.” At this time, America had a strong influence on the game, as four of the original six teams were based in the United States, and all of the players in league were paid in American dollars (Gruneau et al, 1993). By the early 1960’s, televised sports were emerging in North America, and NHL players were becoming mainstream stars. Inspired by this, along with the threat of the NHL losing its television contract to the Western

After the passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada and the other British Dominions gained much independence from Great Britain. For Canada, this newfound independence eventually led to a less dependent relationship with Britain and a stronger relationship with the United States. The United States, partly due to its close geographical proximity to Canada, has influenced and shaped many Canadian cultural and societal components, such as sports, seasonal traditions, music, and social media. Since the passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada’s culture has irrefutably become highly influenced by the United States.

Also, Canada is pressures on the political field by the United States. As a superpower United States is pressuring Canada to support them. During the Cold War Americans moved the nuclear missiles into Canada, even though the majority of Canadians were against it. Canada sends forces to Afghanistan to finish the

Former prime minister, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, believed greatly in what he thought Canada was to become. “The nineteenth century was the century of the United States. I think that we can claim that is it Canada that shall fill the twentieth century. “ was said by Laurier and his words passed almost without notice at the time. However, it did not take long before his words had somehow been transformed into the most famous phrase in Canadian history, “The twentieth century belongs to Canada.” His words showed great confidence and pride in the actions that Canada was supposedly to take to fulfill his vision. He believed that Canada would fill the century, not in size or military might but in progress, growth, and quality of life. Ultimately, he

shores, the United States felt the threat from Soviet and then enacted a naval blockade around Cuba. According to the researches, there were two reasons for the US to take this action. One is because of national security. As the nuclear threat was so near, it presented a sense of insecurity to American people, which was not tolerated by them. Secondly, President Kennedy would not allow his government sit there doing nothing in the face of Soviet aggression, which would damage his image and prestige in the country, and more importantly, would impair the position of US in the world. During this confrontation, Canada also played an important role. US depended on Canada who had defense cooperation with US. However, Canada became a trouble to the US, as Prime Minister Diefenbaker doubted the authenticity of the photos US provided to him about Soviet missiles on Cuba and feared that it would cause nuclear war and huge destruction. But later, Diefenbaker began to agree with Kennedy in that the deployment of missiles on Cuba by Soviet was offensive and should be removed. The "slow" response of Diefenbaker administration during the Cuban Missile Crisis helped, to some extent, to ease the tension between two countries, and also showed that Canada wanted to solve the crisis in a peaceful way. Canada’s peace strategy was also reflected by its defense policy that they did not develop or utilize nuclear weapons to defend its nation. So when US asked Canada to add nuclear warhead to its OMARC-B type missile, Canada was put into a

Although Canada was not one of the two countries most known to be associated with the Cold War, the country played a big role in intelligence and the apprehension of spies. Research conducted suggests that through figures such as Igor Gouzenko, John Starnes, and Lester B. Pearson, as well as Canada’s response to events such as “witch hunts” and the related “Red Scare”, the Cold War had a positive impact on the Canadian identity. The Cold War was a conflict famously between The Soviet Union and the United States, lasting from the end of World War II until the 1990s. Being a “Cold War”, there was no physical violence - although it was the cause of shorter, violent wars during its duration.

After the war canada had proved themselves to be a very strong and independent country, other countries were scared of what canada's military was capable of. Before the war canada was seen as a quiet and harmless country, but little did they know that when they a passionate about fighting for there country they can be very big and powerful.(Rajkumar 2012) Now that Canada was seen as an independent country and wasn't apart of britain anymore people started to seek allies with canada, this was crucial in war time. (Patel 2012,par 2) Other countries also started to recognize canada's accomplishments in the war that proved to the others that we weren't messing around anymore, if we wanted something we were gonna come and take what we wanted and no one was stopping

The Cold War was a significant time for the United States and the Soviet Union, while the rest of the world watched intently. Although no actual war took place, both of these powerful countries did their best to promote their political and ideological ideas while trying to gain some ground in the seemingly never ending arms race. This war was driven by both fear and the strive to become the strongest and most powerful country. During the time of the Cold War, the United States proved to be a strong influence over Canada. Given its location, it was obvious as to which side Canada was on. While Canada believed in the same ideologies as the US, this nation was still reluctant to fully emerge themselves into the hysteria that had been emerging in the US. However, even though Canada had just received world recognition for its contribution during the Second World War, this large yet acutely populated country had much still to prove. During this time, Canada just recently became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). But while Canada was making huge steps in their peacekeeping and military growth, there were still rumours of espionage circling the country.

Canada has played a big role in the world since 1945 and this role has continued to this very day. Canada is still to this day being viewed as a peacekeeping nation because of its efforts and contributions in organizations like the United Nations, NATO and NORAD. These have given Canada a bigger and more important role in the world.Canada has made considerable contributions in organizations such as the UN, NATO and NORAD. The United Nations, is a organization that promotes social and economic progress and also focuses on peace world-wide. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, was formed in 1949 and was focused on protecting Western European countries from a possible of invasion by the Soviet Union. The North American Defence System, or NORAD, was an agreement created in 1957 between Canada and the United States. This agreement was made to stop the threat of Soviet attack on North America. The United Nations was formed in April of 1945 and consisted of 50 countries that all shared the same ideals and basic goals. The four basic goals of the United Nations are; maintaining world peace and preventing future wars; improving the standard of living for all countries and encouraging cooperation among nations as well as defending human rights and helping to promote equality. Canada has really played an important role in the General Assembly, and the

Canada and the United States are close neighbours. These two countries relationship has evolved throughout the years. World War II had a big impact on their relationship, altering it like never before. They grew closer together and they turned to each other rather than to another country. The war impacted their military relationship in contribution and changes, it made new agreements between them and brought them together in defence.

Some of the events where because of reaching out late and others because of the members of the canadian military force. But in the end there were some remarkable events in our history that caused Canada to be weaker, and are still brought up until

Putting the nation in a complete defensive security arrangement with the united states of America, Britain and the nations of western Europe. During the Cold War, NATO forces made a frontline deterrence against the Soviet Union. The treaty was signed on April 4, 1949. It included 12 nations: Canada, United States, Iceland, Britain, France, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Italy. At the center of the treaty was a security provision of Article 5 “an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. In 1966 France pulled out of NATO’s military structure, although France remained a member of the Nato alliance. The government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau considered a similar withdraw for Canada. In 1969 an important review of the foreign policy, they decided to cut Canada's contribution drastically, ending Canada's nuclear strike role and diminish the army and air elements. After Canada’s commitment of arms and troops to the alliance persisted substantially lower than NATO countries wanted The Cold War later ended in the early 1990s. Canada's troops in Europe were brought home, NATO changed its ways from defense against the Soviet Union to fully pursue global peace and security. Peacekeeping is the term linked to United Nations (UN) military mediation operations. Because of Lester Pearson's authority in the 1956 Suez Emergency and Canada's part in the UN Crisis Power he made, Canadians have in some cases thought about peacekeeping part of the nation's personality. Nonetheless, since the 1990s Canada's notoriety for being a peacekeeping country has been muddled by outrage and by the disappointment of some abroad missions. After Suez, many Canadians came to regard peacekeeping as a national vocation and burden on Canada. This was very evident in July 1960

Using a variety of sources, this essay will explain to what extent did the American policies during the Cold War influence Canada’s attitude towards nuclear defense during the 1940s to 1960s.

Canada remained independent of foreign control a majority of the time, but at others it did give in to the pressure put upon it. Canada also got to be a big part of the decision making because it put itself out there, got recognized as a middle power and proved its worth.

The NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command) is a continental air defense warning system that was established in 1957 to ensure Canada’s safety during the Cold War. This system is able to detect Soviet missiles and warheads that might be approaching Canada. NORAD consists of the Royal Canadian Air Force and the U.S Air Force (USAF). This event is significant because of the following reasons; it created a stronger bond between the U.S and Canada, NORAD and it protected Canada from any attacks. NORAD created a stronger bond between the U.S and Canada because it created a relationship where the U.S and Canada had to work together to defend North America and its citizens. The NORAD establishment has brought the two nations together and