Causes Of The Long Parliament

In 1645 Oliver Cromwell and Sir Thomas Fair Fax, built the new model army, and in the same year parliament won the battle of Naseby, while the royalist’s armies were still indiscipline. The King had rich supporters, but they also ran out of money, when it came to the battle of Naseby, so the king’s soldiers were in a bad state compared to the parliament’s new model army. After this battle he could have had another chance, but because King Charles was short of money, and unable to build a new discipline army like the Parliament’s. King Charles suffered from his immature army. In many times soldiers forgot to change sashes they wore when fighting, so their new allies shot them.

The over taxation was caused by the the vast amounts of debt that the British Monarchy had due to the French and Indian War. The British Parliament thought that they had the right to tax only the colonies and not Britain. This angered the colonies and caused them to rebel in small ways. This also led to them protesting the fact that they had no representation in Parliament. The war costed almost 70,000,000 euros and doubled Britain's national debt to 140,000,000 euros. They in turn increased the taxes on the colonies.

The politicisation of the New Model Army also played a significant role in the failure to reach a settlement in the years 1646 to 1649 between Charles and Parliament. What made the army politicised was the concerns of their wages of £3 million in arrears and the possibility of being faced with the charges of committing offences from the First Civil War, as Parliament had not passed an indemnity act. The army presented Charles with the Heads of The Proposals in 1647, which links back to religious division in parliament, , under Cromwell and Ireton’s influence, putting forward more stricter terms such as religious toleration was to be more effective to a wider degree and that the army was to be controlled by parliament for only ten years instead of twenty, making the army seem like a

On October 7, 1763, the Proclamation of 1763 was signed, and the spark of rebellion started. The Proclamation of 1763 angered many of the colonists, as the land that had been promised to them for when the British won the French and Indian war was taken away from them in order to appeal the Native American allies of the British. In fact, anyone already settled on the land when the Proclamation was passed was kicked out, with the people who refused to leave having their houses burnt by British officials. In addition, the colonists felt like their rights as British citizens were not being acknowledged by Parliament. However, Parliament was very much in debt from the war, so anything that would result in less fighting was very good at least to them.

Two Views of the British Empire (1767, 1775) 126 D. Loyalists Versus Patriots 128 1. Daniel Leonard Deplores Rebellion (1775) 128 2. Patrick Henry Demands Boldness (1775) 129 3. New Yorkers Abuse Tories (1775) 130 E. The Clash of Arms 232 1.

War between britain and the american colonies couldn't have been avoided if the colonists had representation in parliament. We start with the French and Indian war, an inevitable war between French and British colonists. The war was inevitable because when a country colonizes a free open world ( except for the Native Americans ) there will be nations ready to colonize as well, this leads to land grabs and fighting. Ending in 1763 after a seven year contention, the British colonists end up losing the land they fought for, the appalachian mountains due to the "Treaty of Paris" which gave the natives their land back. The colonists were furious, what made things worse is when Great Britain raised taxes on the colonizes because the French and Indian

With the end of the French and Indian War came an influx of new taxes on the British American colonies. Beginning with the Proclamation Line of 1763, resentment of Parliament grew. Where colonists had once been proud Britons, and enjoyed “the British system of government—with its limited government and respect for the rights of the individual”, many now were frustrated and felt crushed under the boot of tyranny (Document 3). These are sentiments that drive the narrative of the Revolutionary War today; most non-historians see the war for independence as an organized rebellion of a united people against an oppressive, tyrannical government. Evidence suggests, however, that the Founding Fathers overstated the “death, desolation, and tyranny” they

This document takes many of the ideas presented in the other documents that have been examined in this essay and “ties them all together” into one set of formal complaints against the British monarchy. Like the other documents, The Declaration of Independence states that the British king has “a history of repeated injuries and usurpations” and attempted to arbitrarily assert his power over the colonies (Document 7). The Declaration also states that “in every stage of these oppressions [the colonists had] petitioned for redress in the most humble terms” (Document 7). These two statements show that the colonists’ repeated attempts at peaceful solutions to their problems with the British government were never taken seriously and that the king took every petition and grievance as an opportunity to usurp the colonists’ rights as British

“…the revenue arising is very small and inconsiderable… and is not sufficient” (Doc F). The hard-won victory in the French and Indian War cost the British millions of pounds and created an enormous war debt. England’s burden of debt nearly doubled since 1754, from 73 million pounds to 137 million pounds. After considering their hardships, England felt it only right

Parliament is the government of England and is made up of people who help King George III write the laws. Charles Townshend was a member of Parliament and created the Townshend Act in order to raise money for England. Also, there were other acts including the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act, and the Tea Act. King George then sent more British soldiers to America to help enforce Parliament’s Acts.

From the period between the start of the French and Indian War and the Declaration of Independence, Parliament implemented a myriad of

By 1765, at a Stamp Act Congress, all but four colonies were represented as the “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” was passed. They were determined to let Parliament know that they were equal to British citizens, that there would be no “taxation without representation,” and all efforts to stop tax on colonists would continue (Kennedy, etal 2011.) Although Lord Rockingham, the predecessor of Grenville, sought to repeal of the Stamp Act, this in no way meant Parliament was conceding their control. In fact, while the Stamp Act was repealed, another called the “Declaratory Act of 1766,” gave Parliament the authority to make laws binding the American Colonies, “in all cases whatsoever.” In 1767, George III passed the Townshend Acts to collect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and, tea. Recognizing that tea was a favorite among the Americans, it ensured greater revenue the British government. Again, the colonists’ rights for representation were ignored and they started to boycott British goods and ultimately, smuggle tea. When the Quartering Act was passed, which specified that colonists were to give room and board to British troops, tension began to rise. For two years, the colonists tolerated British troops on their soil and their dissatisfaction with the British Parliament and King George III became evident through many violent riots, abusiveness of tax collectors and destruction of property. According to Kennedy, etal (2011), Parliament, continually met with

Despite of the defiant and vocal protests of the colonists against Parliamentary law in the 1760s, they went for a war very reluctantly in 1775 against the country. The historians like David McCullough in 1776, adequately demonstrated the reticence in their texts with which the colonists went to war (McCullough, 2005). The odds seemed stacked against the American patriot forces and they had every reason to be melancholy and tentative regarding the outcome of the war against their former countrymen. The colonists had the greatest military force in the whole world with 32,000 personnel and a powerful naval fleet. The colonists were undoubtedly the most well equipped and best trained military on earth at that time. However, the optimism prevailed

Soame Jenyns, a writer and a supporter of Parliament since 1741 to 1780, was a associate of Board of Plantations and Trade when he transcribes this note. In his passage, he makes a statement on the situation of Parliament's being factual to tax colonies, and federations momentarily the philosophy of virtual illustration. 3. In the years among the close of the Indian and French War and battles 1763-1775, at Concord and Lexington, colonies and the nation discussed the precise of Parliament to establish on behalf of the colonies. 2. This is claimed by the British that Parliament thought this right was deprived of the query while colonies maintained that only a form which they essentially selected could tax them.

Sept. 13, 1768 – with troops about to arrive, the people of Boston gathered in Town Meeting and declared that the keeping of a standing army amongst them “without their consent in person or by Representatives of their own free election, would be an infringement of their natural, constitutional and Charter Rights; and the employing such Army for the enforcing of Laws made without the consent of the people, in Person, or by their representatives would be a grievance.” (p45)