situations. They do not make accurate predictions, and they do not determine cause and effect. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. ~Observational Method With the observational method
PTSD is a vast disorder, meaning that it does not have only one cause or treatment. The brain is a complicated and unique part of the body and it can be affected by many different factors. When evaluating the causes of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, it is easy to see that no two cases are exactly the same, a group of people could go through the same event, hurricane Katrina, in New Orleans, for example. Countless people were affected by Katrina, many of them in a similar and yet, every person was
substantive law establishes whether the scientific theory in question is connected with a case in an important and acceptable way. On the other hand, the procedural law determines whether a scientific testimony has enough basis for it to be deemed useful in establishing factual and legal issues in a court case. Federal courts apply the substantive laws of the states that they are in. Since substantive laws vary from state to state, the admissibility of scientific testimony about substantive law also depends
that I have come to this conclusion is because of the effects that the artificial sweeteners have on our bodies and on our overall health. Some of the case studies that were completed particularly for Aspartame, an artificial sweetener, found to cause liver damage in mice. In addition, aspartame has been found to cause damage to the central nervous system after a group of people had studies completed on their use and effects. Multiple studies over the years have drawn similar conclusions that rather
possible choosing measures that have been used effectively in previous studies to measure both suspected risk factors and disease outcomes. In some cases, the validity and reliability of the instruments are known thereby allowing to some extent, the assessment of, and even correction for, possible bias and misclassification (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). A challenge in utilizing previously
FRQ: Research Methods A case study is defined as a full, detailed picture of a participant or a small group of other participants. While a correlational study can suggest that both variables have a relationship that exists. An experiment is where the experimenter’s hypothesis is tested to see whether it works. Typically, the experimenter has an independent variable (the cause) where they can manipulate the variable and as well as the dependent variable (the effect). Each of these methods
Response Scenarios Study One In the study linking shaving habits and risk of stroke, researchers found that there is a correlation between shaving habits and stroke risk. Shaving less than once a day increased the risk of stroke by 70%. It increased overall risk from dying by 30%. An independent variable is the input (tested as a potential cause), while a dependent variable is the output (tested as a potential effect). In the study, the independent variable was whether or not the study participant shaved
course not all side effects of playing video games are positive, many studies have also found that there can be extremely negative side effects to playing video games. Some studies reported by (Daphne Bavelier) and (C. Shawn green) have found that playing violent video games can have an increase in aggressive thoughts, although this is something that seems rather troubling and one could assume that this would lead to the manifestation of aggression through prolonged exposure, the studies conducted conclude
association does not rule out causality and may still be of significant effect on the disease under study. This is applied in a case where the exposure is in a common population. For instance passive smoking and lung cancer (Risk Ratio: 1.3) (Morein & Stuart, n.d). Consistency: Repeated observation of an association in a different population under different circumstances showing the same results suggests that the results of a single study are not due to chance. Criticism: This should be applied cautiously
muscles from disproportionate ROS generation, hence, enhancing the motor activities (Kozakowska et al., 2015). Their findings show that light exercises and warm-up regimens reduced erythrocyte MDA and raised erythrocyte SOD performance in patients with MD who engaged in regular light workouts. This study is corroborated by the study done by Al-Naama et al., (2015) whose findings were that low-intensity exercises was adequate to improve MDA levels and carbonyl protein – which is