Changing the Momentum of a Ball

Newton's laws of motion are heavily associated with baseball. For example the law of inertia mainly is effected by a pitcher, because there is a large number of pitche’s in a pitcher’s arsenal. Such as the infamous curveball. The law states that an object in motion will continue and stay the same in the same direction, it will only change its direction if an external or outside force acts upon it. This means that as the pitcher applies more pressure on one side of the ball than another cause the ball to curve rather than go straight. Pitcher’s, and hitters also affect the acceleration of the ball. As the pitcher is on the mound and in his wined up the ball is starting to accelerate until he releases the ball, when the batter makes contact

The ball now has kinetic energy. Kinetic energy like momentum in that it comes from the mass of the object and its velocity. Kinetic energy was transferred from the plunger to the ball just like momentum was but only if the collision was elastic. During and elastic collision kinetic energy is conserved. The balls kinetic energy is half of its momentum squared. This means the balls momentum is its mass multiplied by velocity, and then it is squared and divided by two. If the velocity or speed of the ball is reduced by one half then the overall kinetic energy is reduced by a factor of four (Kirkpatrick and Wheeler p.106)

2. The ball contains kinetic energy while in motion near the bottom of its path.

Bocce ball is a great way to demonstrate the complex wonders of Newton’s three laws in a simple and understandable way. Bocce ball, which was first documented in the year 5200 B.C., is a sport that was first popularized during the roman empire. It wasn’t more than just a leisurely activity until the game found its way back into Italy, once the Roman empire collapsed. Bocce ball was steadily rising and falling in popularity, until a major resurgence in 1896, when it was admitted an olympic sport, and has been part of the summer olympics ever since. Bocce has really become such a widespread sport because you can participate no matter how old, what your race is, or what gender you are. All you need to do is roll a ball. America seemed very separated from the game until a sweep of popularity in California in 1989. Today there is said to be 25,000,000 bocce ball players in the United States. Many aspects of the game of Bocce ball can be relatable to the simple concepts of Newton’s original three laws, from the balls hitting each other (Newton’s third law), to throwing balls harder to increase the force and then slowing down (Newton’s first and second laws). Throughout this essay, I will not only explain what each of Newton’s three laws mean, but provide a real life example of how it could relate to the game of bocce ball.

Crumple zones are designed to absorb the energy from the impact during a traffic collision by controlled deformation. This energy is much greater than is commonly realized. A 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) car travelling at 60 km/h (37 mph) (16.7 m/s), before crashing into a thick concrete wall, is subject to the same impact force as a front-down drop from a height of 14.2 m (47 ft) crashing on to a solid concrete surface. Increasing that speed by 50% to 90 km/h (56 mph) (25 m/s) compares to a fall from 32 m (105 ft) - an increase of 125%. This is because the stored kinetic energy (E) is given by E = (1/2) mass × speed squared. It increases by the square of the impact velocity.

Are forth step was the basketball to be hit by the tennis ball and fall through a hoop. This step had potential and kinetic energy and force. The tennis ball used the force from the baseball to hit the basketball. The basketball was storing up potential energy while the rest of the machine was running. When the tennis ball hit the basketball the potential energy was released. As the basketball was falling through the hoop it had kinetic energy.

The balls velocity and speed is increased significantly in a very brief period, right before the full extension of the elbow.

1) Once the simulation opens, click on ‘Show Both’ for Velocity and Acceleration at the top of the page. Now click and drag the red ball around the screen. Make 3 observations about the blue and green arrows (also called vectors) as you drag the ball around.

Our Rube Goldberg machine starts with a ball at the top of a ramp with gravitational potential energy. As it rolls down the ramp, its gravitational potential energy turns into kinetic energy. Once the ball gets to the bottom of the ramp, the ball has no gravitational potential energy only kinetic energy. The ball continues to roll because it has momentum until it hits a domino line. The ball transfers its momentum to the

Moving along, to the second experiment, “How does force affect your game?” concludes that using a 10 pound ball applying strong force provides a velocity (m/s) of 3.2, a result of 25 (J) for the kinetic energy, and 5 bowling points

The experiment had four different temperature 12 ̊, 51 ̊, 75 ̊, 111 ̊. In the experiment it was about how temperature effects the air pressure of a basketball. The one thing that would change the experiment is recording the bounce because participants had to get the bounce and the measurement. The highest bounce was the hot ball that was 111 ̊it bounce high. The lowest bounce was the frozen ball that was 12 ̊ because it barely bounced.

Our Rube Goldberg machine starts out with a funnel at the top. Two marbles are placed into the funnel, which contain potential energy. When the marbles go through the funnel they have kinetic energy and enter a wheel and axle. Before the wheel and axle moves it has potential energy, but once the marbles fall into it the wheel contains kinetic energy. From the wheel and axle, the cup containing the marbles is knocked over and the balls fall into an inclined plane. At the top of the inclined plane the marbles have potential energy however once they roll down they have kinetic energy. The same transfer of potential to kinetic energy occurs when the marbles fall into the next inclined plane.

The total momentum and total kinetic energy before and after do not match up because the final momentum and kinetic energy is smaller in the straight on collision and larger in the nearly straight on and glancing blow. For kinetic energy to be lost like in the straight on collision means that the kinetic energy was transformed into another type of energy like sound because in real life when the balls collide, a sound can be heard during the collision. However for kinetic energy to be gained does not make sense, meaning something was wrong with the apparatus or calculations. Part of the results do reflect the theory since for the straight on collision, the most of the velocity from the blue ball is transferred to the red ball. And in the nearly straight collision and glancing blow both balls have

Another basic element of basketball is that of passing the ball to another teammate. The physics involved in this process are velocity, momentum, and impulse. The ball has a mass and when it is thrown a velocity of the ball in created. From these two parts momentum is derived, P=mv (Kirkpatrick Wheeler 106). While playing basketball it may be to your advantage to increase or decrease the momentum of the ball when passing to a teammate depending upon the situation.

Several systematic occurred in this experiment, but the most important one would have been the fact that the air hockey table was not completely level. This impacted upon the experiment in two ways. In the first experiment where the red puck is initially stationary, as the table was not level it moved around before the black puck collided with it. To overcome this the red puck had to be held in place and as mentioned before this would have provided and external force acting upon the puck. The unevenness of the air hockey table also meant that there was a possibility of friction acting on the pucks while they were moving. In the third collision with the Velcro another systematic error occurred. When the two pucks collided and stuck together they did not continue straight, instead they rotated. This is not linear momentum but rather it is angular momentum. This is reflected in the results as the magnitude of the initial and final momentum of the system is equal, but the