Chapter 1: Scientific Skills Exercise

1. For this experiment, what were the independent variable and the dependent variable? What were the constants?

The independent variable for the experiment was the paper towels. The dependent variable was the absorbency and strength. The constants for the experiment were the size of the paper towels that were used, the amount of water, the size of the beaker, the size of the cylinder and the amount of the weight.

1. During gym class, four students decided to see if they could beat the norm of 45 sit‐ups in a minute. The first student did 64 sit‐ups, the second did 69, the third did 65, and the fourth did 67.

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viii. Dead animals are found in the freezer, laying around the house, and embedded in the carpet.

The dependent variable is the number of isopods on each side of the chamber. My hypothesis was, if they choose dark or light, the number of isopods Material Chamber 10 isopods 1 sorting brush Stop watch Aluminum foil Procedure Cover one side of the

After we did our research on the mice, there was a drought, causing lots of environmental changes. One of these changes was the grass perished leaving large dirt patches. This let the brown mice camouflage. In contrast, the gray mice were found very easily by predators and later consumed. Because of this, the ratios of gray mice decreased (As shown on the right). Naturalist Brett Holland also got similar results (As shown below).

Many of my inferences changed throughout the activity because of the diverse observations I made. One of the inferences that were supported by my observations was when I inferred that the green tracks brutally killed the red tracks. This was supported by the observation because the picture clearly showed that there was a scarce amount of red tracks and an immense amount of green tracks which helped me lead to my strong inference that the red tracks were killed by the green tracks. Another inference that was supported by my observations was when I inferred that the green tracks were enormous compared to the small red tracks. This is clearly shown when I measured the length of each of the feet. The red tracks were 5 mm and the green tracks were 7mm. This

The "y" speaks to the quantity of prey(squares) eaten or the quantity of squares taken. The "a" value represents the functional reaction that will be calculated. This depends on the degree of scanning for the squares. The "T" value presents the time and "x" value represents the square density. For this experiment the dependent variable “y” will change with each analysis. Also, the independent variable is “x” which changes for every trial (10, 20, 50, 100, 200). The span of each analysis is one minute, which is the value “T” and that stays the same it doesn’t change at all. The calculation of the other variables determines the actual variable for this

After completing the lab The Effect Colors of Pen have on Termites Behavior it could be identified that termites like black pens the most and prefer to follow an ink line. In both trials the termites seemed to avoid the squares for the most part, but when they got near one they would walk around the outside of the square. Out of all the colors it was evident black was the preffered color because they spend 11 seconds inside that square 2 seconds in the blue, and 3 seconds in the red. While this seems like a short period of time considering each trial was 2 minutes long the termites spend a good majority of that time near the black square which we did not put into our data table.

After collecting all the data, the termites followed the all different the colors of pen ink, but would follow all of the pen inks at different times, such as, darker colors, which they followed at slower times than the other the light colors, such as, Red or Purple with times of 3.63 Seconds, Red, and 3.35 Seconds, Purple. The termite followed the darker colors, like Black for example, in a time of 4.57 seconds, which was exponentially slower than a color, such as, Red which the termite was able the same path in 3.63 seconds. Which, is almost a second shorter than the time that the termite followed black. The bar graph shows the comparison to the different times of each color, Green being the fastest with a time of 3.31 seconds and blue being the slowest with a time of 5.38 seconds.

The scientist will be testing different acids and bases on seashells to see if they have a significant change on seashells. The scientist will be placing an egg and a seashell in vinegar, and testing the effects of the acids in the vinegar, on both the egg and seashell. Will the egg and seashell be affected by the vinegar? The scientist will have the constant variables of the vinegar used, the amounts of materials that will be used (1000 mL of vinegar in each jar), and the time the experiment will be held for (one week). The scientist’s independent variable will be the seashells used; the dependent variables will be the effect of the acids on the bases that will be measured by observation.

On a small mind journey, I came across some rather eccentric mice. Now, they didn’t seem very out of the ordinary at first, but then natural selection took place. There were three groups of different color mice: tan, black, and white. They lived in a barn with lots of hay inside. On one fateful day, the hay was removed by the farmer and replaced with sand. Maybe it was easier to clean, who knows? Anyway, the black mice were devastated because they were more easily visible without the dirty hay. Soon the remaining mice clad with black fur were being teased by the tan and white mice. The teasing took place because the black mice were the only ones being targeted by the birds and cats roaming about in the barn. None of the predators knew the lighter

This lab was conducted in Merritt College on June 22, 2015. We use blue color bean to represent dominant allele D, and red color bean to represent recessive allele d. We conduct three simulations, each of which has different selection pressure. We begin each simulation with 100 alleles sample that are randomly drawn form a large gene pool. For the first simulation, there is 0% selection against pale coat color deer mice. We randomly draw two beans out of the 100 alleles sample, and record the genotypes of these two beans on a tally sheet. Then, we put

Grey Mouse lemurs are on the of the smallest primates in the world. They are nocturnal animals and they have many features that help them survive in the