Cheesemen Case

After having a very successful performance and getting second place on the first Littlefield simulation game we knew what we needed to do to win the second simulation game. We were very eager to outperform our competition and we almost did so, but ended up in second place again with a cash balance of $2,660,393.

In 1955, Monsanto took over the Lion Oil Company. One of the products Lion Oil produced was ammonia to manufacture ammonium nitrate fertilizer, one of the largest chemical fertilizer products in the United States. Soon after that in the 1960’s the company started producing a chemical called Agent Orange, which was used by the U.S. Military during the Vietnam invasion. The chemical Agent Orange was used to kill any living plant in its path in order to help clear open areas in the dense jungles of Vietnam. During this period of time Monsanto created its first Agriculture Division. The company introduced and commercialized its first herbicides Ramrod Herbicide and Lasso Herbicide. The introduction of these herbicides changed the agricultural community forever because farmers reduced their labor dramatically due to these chemicals.

“We were told, ‘it’s totally safe and it won’t hurt you at all,” he added. “We were told you can drink it, you can brush your teeth with it, or you can bathe in it. It won’t hurt you. Those were lies.” (“U.S. Soldiers Sprayed Agent Orange across Korea” 1) Agent Orange was an herbicide used by the United States military forces in Vietnam between 1962 and 1971 to destroy their enemies’ food supply, land, and protection. Twelve million gallons of this toxin were sprayed. (Department of Preventive Medicine 1) It affected the Vietnamese and the American troops who were fighting in the same jungle. Little did the United States military know the effects of this dangerous herbicide. It caused many long-term complications, including health problems

DuPont a well-known and once very well respected chemical company, is now known for their irresponsible business tactics and the way they dealt with the chemicals onsite, and the pollution it caused in our air and our drinking water. DuPont purchased a large piece of land about sixty acres in New York, West Virginia, known as a small town and consisted of a lot of farming and irrigation, cattle, and production of crops. The DuPont case started when a local farmer in the community exploited the footage of the stream nearby being polluted with chemicals from the DuPont plant. The local towns people, were fed up with the situation in their town and the injurious ways it was affecting their cattle, so they set up a meeting with a corporate defense

In both past and present, the traces of Agent Orange have drastically affected the ecosystems of Vietnam. The causes for the effects of Agent Orange are due to its main, and most dangerous component: Dioxin. Many of the separate Agent compounds contained dioxin, but Agent Orange contained Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD,) one of the most potent forms of Dioxin. TCDD is responsible for many of the sub-lethal effects on wildlife in Agent Orange spray zones, causing tumors and birth defects, along with a variety of cancers to animals who ingest it [HowStuffWorks Science]. Almost every living animal has small amounts of Dioxin located in their body fat, but the mutagenic effects of Dioxin occur when it enters an ecosystem in large amounts. The body can process small amounts of dioxin, but in vast quantities, like the millions of gallons of Agent Orange dropped on the forests of Vietnam, it is a very powerful poison. After the Dioxin soaked up into the plants and ground of the Vietnam forest it worked its way up the food chain, as herbivores ate the Dioxin-infused grass, then become Dioxin-laced themselves, eventually everything became infected with the Dioxin and slowly died out, eventually, all the plants and animals were gone, leaving a barren wasteland. That is how the forests of Vietnam eventually withered away, and some did not return [HowStuffWorks Science]. This is very clearly a violation of environmental justice,

Dow Chemical Company developed Agent Orange at Fort Detrick in Maryland. The chemical got its name from the color-coded stripe that was painted on its 55 gallon storage drums. There were many different herbicides used in Vietnam, such as agents blue, white, purple, and green. Agent Orange was the most successful herbicide, quickly killing broad leaf vegetation; therefore, it was the most widely used. The defoliant worked by accelerating the growth in plant cells until the plant prematurely dies (Wilcox x). Agent Orange was composed of an equal mixture of the herbicides 2, 4-D (n-buytl-2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetate) and 2, 4, 5-T (n-butyl-2, 4, 5- trichlorophenoxyacetate) and it was developed for chemical warfare. Altogether 90,000 tons of herbicides were used: of that 90% was used for defoliation, 8% was used for crop destruction, and 2% was used for clearing base perimeters (Dunnigan and Nofi 136). By the end of Operation Ranch Hand, 4.5 million acres of Vietnam had been defoliated.

Napalm was also another mistake. By using a flammable jelly to literally burn up all of North Vietnam, the U.S. not only killed more civilians than soldiers, but also raised several ethical questions. Napalm coated anything it came within reach of, and burned continuously for up to a week. Doctors who treated napalm victims said their wounds would still glow green with heat at night, while the patients writhed in pain. Also, many international scientists and influential people around the world protested the use of napalm very adamantly.

Today, the Agent Orange case is a serious threat to public health as veterans and generations affected up onto today are still suffering. A large amount "Herbicide Orange" was used in Vietnam has been of major belief to many that contributed to the most tragic environmental and public health problems. Scenarios such as a U.S. troop who was just an electrician said he saw "no action" in the war, decades later this veteran developed Type 2 diabetes. A lot of others experience their scars from this exposure right away, especially the troops who were in the first line of exposure. The newly releases troops complained about skin rashes such as chloracne, cancer of all sorts, other health issues, but one devastating of them all, birth defects in their children. They all believed the spraying of AO have contributed to the root of the issues. Although, the spray was normally diluted with oil and waterways, it is also believed to have long-term effects on rivers and lakes. Also causing the civilians of the affected areas to be a long lasting effect upon them. Agent Orange herbicide was not just an ordinary herbicide. It was mixed with a unique amount of two different components, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. The U.S. introduced this chemical as a design to destroy plant life in the war in 1961. It was commonly used to destroy or defoliate dense, forest broad leaf plants, trees, shrubs and food crops. Because the North Vietnamese had a war advantage from heavy jungles and camouflage hiding

When dreams turn to nightmares, most individuals have sights of monsters hiding underneath their bed or a scene of themselves between lowered into a vat of garter snakes. However war-stricken victims nightmares become a tangible reality with the use of napalm. Since World War II, the use of napalm has not only taken the lives of innocent bystanders but expanded the limitless boundary of the brutality of war and unlike chemical weapons. Without an enforced world wide ban, the expansion of this inhuman substance will continue to capture the lives of innocent civilians.

Nobel laureate Bertrand Russell delivered a blistering critique in a letter to the New York Times.

Agent Orange was an innovate chemical used during the Vietnam War. It was a defoliant that helped the United States thought the war, yet it had left a permanent and devastating impact on vietnam vets and the Vietnamese people. From 1961 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed a range of herbicides across more than 4.5 million acres of Vietnam to destroy the forest cover and food crops used by enemy North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops the majority being Agent Orange. Not only did Agent Orange contaminated areas throughout Vietnam, but the areas where the herbicides were manufactured, stored or tested in the United States and elsewhere in the world are also contaminated to this day with Agent Orange.

Agent Orange, a now known toxic chemical was produced for the U.S. Department of Defense by the Monsanto Corp. and Dow Chemical. The reason it was called “agent orange”, is because the barrels that it was shipped in had an orange stripe around the barrels. It was the most used y used chemical of the so-called "Rainbow Herbicides". The agent orange was an herbicide or defoliant chemical used by the U.S. in the Vietnam war to prevent forest from developing this kept the Vietnamese and Vietcong troops from being able to hide in the forests. The chemical also killed off crops that might have been being used as food sources. It is estimated that more than 19 million gallons of this herbicide was spread over 4.5 million acres of land from 1961 to 1972. According to the Red Cross, they estimated that three million Vietnamese were affected by dioxin, including at least 150,000 children born with severe birth defects. Millions of Americans and Vietnamese are still affected, directly and indirectly, from the spraying of the Agent Orange.

Agent Orange was a herbicide for clearing vegetation such as forests and jungles. The Army Chemical Operations Division developed this herbicide and others. “The Crops Division… initiated the first large-scale military defoliation effort--the aerial application of Agent Orange to over 2,500 acres (about four square miles, or just over ten square kilometers) of vegetation.” (“Agent Orange contamination”). “At least 20 million gallons of herbicides had been sprayed, exposing 2.1 million to 4.8 million villagers.” (Schmidt). Agent Orange has affected both U.S soldiers and Vietnamese by causing birth defects, cancer, diseases, and other health ailments.

Mostly consisting of thick costal mangrove, the dense forest spread high across a wet, humid plateau in the countryside of North Vietnam. For centuries its environment provided raw natural resources such as nutrient-rich soil ideal for cultivating rice and flowing streams, providing a reliable water supply to the native people of the region. Now, on a summer day in 1961, it was under attack. Following direct orders, an American Air Force pilot steers his C-123 cargo aircraft over the jungles of Vietnam. In its wake, the aircraft leaves behind a toxic cloud of 2, 4- dicholorophenoxyacetic acid and 2, 4, 5- tricholorophenoxyacetic acid, spewing from its’ cylindrical, orange- stripped, steel drum; this toxic mixture of chemical compounds would become known as the deadly herbicide, Agent Orange. The utilization of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War caused a devastating ripple-effect on Vietnam’s environment that has resulted in adverse effects to its region’s natural environment, the physical bodies of exposed civilians and wartime veterans, and the political landscape of the United States.

as a loan. This constitutes the main problem of the contract, since the prosecutors were