Chimps Anthropology

     It is common in monkeys, apes and humans that behavior and social organization aren’t necessarily programmed into the genes. There have been several cases where an entire troop has learned from the experiences of just a few. In a group of Japanese macaques, for example, a three-year-old female female developed the habit of washing dirt of of sweet potatoes before she

Through this assignment, we will see how primates express their behaviors and understand the meaning behind them. For my observation, it will be based on the orangutans, which is classified in the genus Pongo. The San Diego zoo itself is set up with a lot of ropes, balls, hammocks, rocks and more for the animal to interact with in the grassy area. There are many levels of ground elevations that allowed the primate to have maximum space to explore around and live in. After seeing how the specie interacts and behaves, I can relate it to human behaviors and how we gain our roots from them. One of the small orangutans I observed was very active and kept climbing on different levels of the ropes and interacted with many other of the inhabitants.

Introduction This first lecture is designed to introduce the primate order in terms of its classification and to familiarise you with the animals so that the rest of the course makes some sort of sense. I will cover a working definition of what makes a primate, give you a general classification scheme, describe the major features that identify the groups within the classification and discuss some of the controversial areas of the classification. I shall treat the taxonomy as a synonym for classification which seems to be its commonest current usage, although you should be aware that some people consider taxonomy to be more about the principles behind the classification than the classification itself.

One of the most fiercely debated issues in paleoanthropology points at the origins the primate species. The top two continents that have been very evident in our origins that can be traced to Africa and (Eur)Asia. African origin stresses the multiregional continuity theory it suggests a single origin for modern humans and gives an explanation to the Out-of-Africa model for the patter of our human evolution.

Decreased interest in olfaction may be related to early work which contrasted varying levels of olfactory abilities among animals, highlighting primates as deficient in this sense. In Turner’s 1891 paper The Convolutions of the Brain, he proposed a classification of Mammalia into three groups 1) Anasmotics, where the organs of smell are absent and included dolphins and whales, 2) Macrosmatics, defined by animals with a highly developed sense of smell and included ungulates, carnivores and most mammals, and 3) Microsmatics where the sense of smell is “feeble” as in pinnipeds, some whales, and apes and man. This idea of apes and humans, indeed, primates in general having a poor sense of smell was corroborated by Negus in 1958 and Le

Social behavior is a key aspect of human and primate growth. The ability to bond socially, for protection as well as growth, is a key factor in the successive evolution that occurred between primates, and early humans. One of these social behaviors is tool making. Tool making and use is very significant to primate evolution, as it displays not only a significant growth in cognition, but certain physical evolutionary attributes that can be seen to the present day. Tool making in primates shows an increase in both physical growth and mental capacity, and those attributes led this activity to become socially important in early human societies.

They’re known as the toolmakers as a result of constructing modern tools with the use of rocks, sticks, and other natural materials. In physical anthropology, the same effect applies to chimpanzees in which they use tools for hunting and other uses for living in the wild. They’re known to be an endangered species. Physical anthropologists are looking into human-like behaviors and observe the characteristics and lifestyles of all living primates. Besides that, they’re interested in comparing and contrasting their brains and skeletons from most of the human population.

Some similarities between the two videos where that the chimpanzees (chimps) both used tools. and they both interacted with humans. and they both used vocales to communicate. some differences are that it the Jane goodall video she was studying the chimpanzees in the wild and the chimpanzees were mainly observed and in the sally boysen video she studied the chimpanzees in the captivity and the chimpanzees were many experimental .

There was a chimp named Cornelius, he served a wealthy, ungrateful man. This man owned more than one chimp, but he didn’t treat them as well as he treated Cornelius. He tortured the other ones, killed their parents and their whole family in front of them. But Cornelius was special, he had a secret that only the other chimps knew about. Drake, his owner, would ask the chimps to make a sacrifice, one chimp would become his servant for the rest of their life.

Many of the primates, have hands that allow them to have a firm grip similar to humans. This is essential to primates such as apes and orangutans, seeing that it allows them to swing from tree-to-tree. Humans need to grip in order to complete many basic tasks such as writing of opening a door. Apes, for example, use their hands to utilize tools to allow them to crack open nuts. Not only do they require the use of their hands to crack open nuts, but it also requires intelligence. Apes determine how much force they need to apply on the nut with the use of their tools in order to only crush the shell and not the nut. Humans are are the smartest of all the primates and use their intelligence on an everyday basis. Orangutans live in the rain forest

Bonobos use a wide range of communication patterns to help forage for food. In an article titled Preliminary Observation on the Feeding Behavior of Pan Paniscus, researchers studied the feeding behavior of Bonobos over a seven-month period. The researchers reported that when a small group (2-4 Bonobos) located a tree bearing ripe fruit, they would signal by vocalizing to the rest of the group (Badrian, 1981, p. 173-181). Bonobos use five distinct calls when searching for food and a combination of these calls to describe the food quality of the source that they have located (Clay, 2011). When a preferred food is found, peeps and barks are given to the others compared to yelps and grunts that are given to lesser preferred foods. When Bonobos have acquired their food, they are social in their food sharing patterns. A study done by Vicky M. Oeize and her team showed that hunting and meat sharing had more social than nutritional benefits (Oeize, 2008). In another study done that looked at the specifics of how they share their food, the results showed that it is voluntary (Hare, 2010). The experiment was conducted in three adjacent rooms, with the food being in the center room. One Bonobo was placed in the center room and rather than consuming all the food alone, eighty percent of the subjects opened one of the adjacent doors to share with a recipient, even if it meant the recipient would eat all the food.

Humans are complicated. Sometimes we hurt each other and sometimes we help each other. In the ongoing effort to understand where those competing instincts come from, anthropologists often turn to our closest living relatives — chimpanzees and bonobos. Yet these two species of ape are very different. The stereotypes hold that chimpanzee society is rife with hierarchy and aggression, and bonobos, by comparison, are peaceful proponents of free love. That's oversimplified. Within a group, chimpanzees can be peaceful. And bonobos might be capable of aggression. Humans are a "mosaic" of both. The challenge for scientists is to figure out what elements of human behavior exist in either ape, thereby teasing out which traits are purely cultural and

On chapter 7. I watched a lots of interesting video. especially on Frans de Waal Ted talk video. It shows how chimpanzee cooperate each other even they know how to show their emotions, cand equitableness seem like human characters. After watched video I searched about Dr. Frans de Waal professor. Dr. Frans de Waal is a biologist and primatologist known for his work on the behavior and social intelligence of primates I'm still remember one of examples. When video showed old video about experiments on cooperation. there was a pretty heavy box then it require at least 2 chimpanzees. I was surprised that they cooperate such as human. even that experiment video was recorded 100 years ago(03:28).

They feed on seeds and fruits of the trees and the earth, and are very savvy in finding their food from the bounty that the rainforests give. What the most interesting fact about primates is the use of their hands and their abilities to utilize tools in order to gather their favorite treats. For instance, they are able to break branches off of a tree and use the twigs or pieces of branches to collect a specific type of insect in a place that would normally be unreachable. (National Geographic Society, 1981) The chimpanzee is a wise and intelligent species. A group of chimpanzees is called a troop and they are very social and developed their social structures around their mating patterns. They can make choices for themselves if they want to continue with their group or split off to a separate clan of chimpanzees. The locomotive patterns are knuckle walking using all four and sometime using bipedal upright for a short distance. Even though their arms and wrists are not specialized in brachiation they are strong climbers and can jump and swing from tree to tree. They travel in groups up to 50 and they travel mostly on foot. The members of these groups can constantly change because of their mating patterns. They are territorial and defensive at times they use sticks to drive intruders away and some have been known to be violent especially when it comes to their

Animals such as chimpanzees have rights. Even though they may not be humans, they are living creatures. Jane Goodall watches the videotape of chimpanzees which inspires her to visit them. She decides to go visit them and later finds out how depressed the chimpanzees were. They were living in small cages with nothing to do. No toys, no being around any other chimpanzees, nothing. Jane then visits another lab where only baby chimps were playing around with toys and other chimpanzees, but the older chimps were trapped inside cages. People who work with lab animals should understand the animal's behaviors. Whether it’s good or bad, knowing this should be mandatory when people work with them. Since chimpanzees are smart, similar to humans,