Classical Conditioning Experiments

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This article studies the ability of regeneration possessed by the planaria. Morgan (1898) observes in different methods how the planaria are cut into smaller pieces, and then he observes the pieces to see if the planaria will regenerate. When the planaria are cut near the head, the pieces do not appear to regenerate, and the pieces cut too small also do not possess the ability to regenerate (Morgan, 1898). Pieces cut from the middle and the end piece of the planaria, however, have shown results of respawning from within the old tissue. When the author tried to fuse two sampled pieces together, he observed that the pieces formed a union (Morgan, 1898). However, the fusion did not last long, and the pieces died long after fusing together (Morgan, 1898). It is likely that the samples were not able to complete the regeneration after the union emerged. I will be able to use this report for my lab report as a reference to the process of taking samples from a live planaria, sampled from the likely

The classical conditioning experiment on the class was noticeable. However, there were some crucial things done in order to make it a successful experiment. It had some specific condition and responses. Everything was connected to each other, such as the unconditioned stimulus was connected with the unconditioned response and the conditioned stimulus was connected with the conditioned response.

The question being investigated is, what impact does classical conditioning have on animal or human life? Classical conditioning is the theory of learning that we will be using to investigate this question. The three aspects of the learning process that were evaluated is acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. During the acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery trials there were different stimulus presented. In the acquisition trial, the US and NS were presented. In the extinction and spontaneous recovery trial, the US were only presented. There were five analysis conducted. In the first analysis it was expected for Sniffy to freeze more frequently in the post-acquisition trial than in the pre-acquisition trial. Second, it was expected for Sniffy to stop and freeze immediately when the light was presented, in extinction trial

Some planaria were larger than others and less able to turn around during trials easily. There were some cases where some planarian had even asexually reproduced, which could also affect the performance of the planaria in trials. This could possibly be fixed by attempting to acquire planaria of about the same body frame or adjusting feeding amounts depending on their size as well as perhaps removing one of the asexually reproduced planaria to continue trials. Another limitation could be the amount of time the caffeinated planaria group was kept in the caffeine. It was mentioned that the planaria were kept in the caffeinated water for about 72 hours prior to training. Possibly, leaving it in for a longer amount of time could have produced a more significant difference between the caffeinated group and the regular

Classical conditioning effects everyday life especially in relation to phobias and addiction which will be discussed in this essay. Classical conditioning was founded by Ivan Pavlov. He believed that if a behaviour can be learned, it can also be unlearned too. This essay will highlight the importance of conditioning principles in explaining and treating problem behaviours. Classical conditioning has revolutionised behavioural therapies, such as flooding and systematic desensitisation to treat phobias, and aversion therapies to treat addictive behaviour.

Aplysia are sea slugs which breathe through gills. The Aplysia have a gill-withdrawal reflex meaning if any immediate danger is present, the sea hares will retract their gills underneath the protection of their mantles, which is the animals outer covering. The Aplysia sea slugs also have a rather simple nervous system of about only 20,000 neurons, some of which are large, making it fairly easy for a neuroscientist to understand how their brain can encode new memories (Gluck, 2014, p. 98). Just like humans, these particular sea slugs show sensitization, habituation, and other types of learning.

Learning is the act of changing an organism’s behavior in response to an experience. Associative learning is when an organism links two events that occur close in time. When an organism learns to make associations, it is being conditioned. There are two types of conditioning. Operant conditioning is when an organism associates an action and the consequence of that action. It results in the organism adapting its behavior to maximize rewards and minimize punishment (Skinner). On the other hand, classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism associates a certain stimulus and the response to it with a different stimulus. A neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditioned response to an unconditioned

Classical Conditioning: Whenever my mother brings out a hot dish, she yells, hot and we get out of the way so we don’t get burned by whatever she’s holding.

In 1920, behaviorist John B. Watson and his graduate student Rosalie Rayner wanted to study classical conditioning in people. Classical conditioning is when two stimuli are paired and produce an effect off of the second stimulus, but eventually produce the same effect with the first stimulus individually. Watson believed they were capable of furthering psychologist Ivan Pavlov’s research on conditioning dogs to conditioning humans. Watson was a professor at John Hopkins University and of course, that was Rayner’s alma mater. Watson wanted to justify that emotions were something learned and not inherently placed in the human mind. According to Alexander Burgemeester, Watson hypothesized that although it was uncommon for a baby to have a phobia of animals, “if one animal succeeds in arousing fear, any moving furry animal thereafter may arouse it” (Burgemeester). Both, Watson and Rayner fed off of scientist Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment.

Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. He is well-known as the Father of behaviorism, due to the fact, that his theories and experiments greatly influenced this school of psychology. One of his famous quotes suggested that one can take any human being, regardless their race, academic background, or culture and train him to be anything one can chose.

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

The “Little Albert” experiment was a study that depicted clear evidence of classical conditioning and stimulus generalization. Classical conditioning refers to learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus.(e.g. A dog hears a bell every time before he is fed, and after repeating this multiple times, the dog is conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell.) Stimulus generalization refers to the reaction one might have to other objects similar in shape, color, size, etc, after a traumatic or very positive experience. (e.g. Someone gets sick after eating an orange and then might feel uncomfortable eating other orange foods.) The examination of these factors, however, left Little

This paper contains information on classical conditioning and explores several articles from some of the early and most famous physiologists like Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, and others that researched classic conditioning and how it may help explain fear and the many different types of

In this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work.