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The need for bilingual education is not directly related to the need for the student to have a more pleasant learning experience, but based more on the increasing need for these individuals to learn about their heritage, how they can present themselves to others in different scenarios, and being knowledgeable in both languages at a dual equivalence. The key

There are two Educational philosophies that Rodriguez had utilized in his younger years. The philosophy of supporting Bilingual Education was to help Students acquire the skills of a classroom crucial for public success. Supporters would report that children miss out a great deal by not being taught in their family’s language. “They say that children who use their family language in school will retain a sense of their individuality- their ethnic heritage and cultural ties” (Kindle 6236-6237). Supporters would also say that children will have a sense of individuality that retains their family’s language. Giving children something to feel different and have something special. “But then there was Spanish. Español: my family’s language. Español: the language that seemed to be a private language.” (Kindle 5982-5983). Rodriguez shared how it was hard fighting between assimilating to American culture and keeping his connection and heritage alive within him.

Many people still debate the benefits of bilingual education. Even if the program were supported, there would be no way to insure that it has successfully achieved its goal. “The problem with this method (bilingual education) is that there is no objective way to measure whether a child has learned enough English to be placed in class where academic instruction is entirely in English. As a result, some children have been kept in native language classes for six years” (Hayakawa 577). Not only is there no way to measure if a student is ready to be out of the program, those students who were stuck in the program for several years infers the feeling of being out-casted. Children complain of systematically being segregated from their English-speaking peers being put in to the bilingual

The reader disagrees with Rodriguez’s idea that other languages besides the primary language of a society cannot be used in the classroom. Rodriguez says that “it is not possible

“They are your kids, not mine!” The typical excuse content area teachers will say to the ESOL teachers when any issue arises regarding the education of the emerging bilingual students. The truth is that everyone in the school building, including content area teachers, office personnel, and administrators, should be involved in educating the emerging bilingual students, not only the ESOL teacher. Content area teachers need to be aware that if the students are not proficient in the new language, they will have challenges in all the content classes. Even in the Common Core Standards, the expectation is for teachers to develop not only their content area, but at the same time improve the academic language. One reason is that since the Common

Many Spanish students struggle because Spanish is not allowed in American schools. Luis Rodriguez discusses the importance of bilingual

The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 provides a clear perspective on the issue of the public policy process. It started out with a clear goal in mind: to provide instruction to non-English students in American schools by providing some teaching in their native language along with English. The act was a part of the broader Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and a part of the Civil Rights movement because of its issues relating to language and culture. It was particularly aimed to the large amount of Hispanic immigrants in the American Southwest. The provides an issue that is complex and changing rapidly especially in today’s multiethnic and multilinguistic United States society.

English learners (ELs) struggle with content literacy task because the “academic language of texts is not the language of conversational speech” Vacca et al. (2014, P.77). Every content area has a specific language. ELs find it difficult because they are not familiar with the academic language in that content area. For example, an English learner in first grade might have difficulties understanding his peers in a reading group excises because of the content language but, when they go outside to play, they communicate fluently because this English learner has mastered the playground language. Teachers can make content more accessible to students by using a variety of instructional strategies or aids to assist students with English language problems in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Interactive, cooperative activities, pictures, relevant media etc. are some of the shelter instructional strategies which teachers can use to make content accessible to students (p.82).

Echevarina, J., Vogt, M., & Scott, D. (2013). Making content comprehesbie for english learners: the slop model. (Ex: 4th ed.). Allyn con& Ba. DOI: www.mygcu.edu

“Parents force schools to speak English--only”, it sparks the audience's’ attention by the title alone. Focuses on schools managing their parents’ expectations for their children to get into a good college and get a good education. Discusses how people and or parents of the students who sought the need for a common language to be taught through all the schools in the state of California. Additionally, it discussed and elaborated how that many of the teaches that taught the bilingual programs, were not certified for the job. Therefore, the end of the bilingual programs in schools, brought change to the California school system, that even reflects in the present day about education in

In a globalized world, English is and has been universal language for communications around the world. For that reason, U.S. has never had an urgency to learn and appreciate foreign languages. Most of school systems treat language classes not important as the core curriculum. According to the current positions on bilingual education, schools in the United States teach languages at exactly the wrong time and exclude children from all the benefits that extend beyond pure communication. It’s extremely important to be bilingually educated to adapt into increasingly globalized world. Moreover, even necessary, for those who should reach out and speak at least one other language. Being bilingual comes with various advantages and immeasurable benefits.

3). In each of these orientations, bilingual education is considered as the outline or the umbrella that the three orientations come under. Richard Ruiz (1988), elaborate these orientations and explains the limitations and strengths of the views “language as a problem” and “language as a right”. Although he mentions that the orientation of “language as a resources” has its limitations too, Ruiz argues that developing such orientation and supporting it will result in more realistic attitudes towards languages and language minorities (Ruiz, 1988, p.

Success in education depends on how literate one is. Moreover, being literate is more than being able to read and write, rather it is the student’s ability to apply the skills taught effectively on a job, in society, and to further their education. “Students with strong literacy skills have promising educational and career options, while most students with weak skills face a future of being undereducated and underemployed as they struggle with undeveloped personal goals and unfulfilling, low-paying jobs” [Hock & Deshler, 2003]. Consequently, the ensuing paper will compare literacy and language models used in a bilingual education program and will select models that would be useful in establishing a bilingual program.

Out of a total of 2.6 million their current population is 214,378 students, speaking over 160 languages (Blueprint for English Language Learners (ELLS) Success, 2014). This has increased the responsibility of the education department to devise strategies, provide tools and materials, and formulate assessment criteria for effective instruction and enhanced learning. This is something that has been clearly outlined in Regulations of the Commissioner of Education Part 154. In these regulations the Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies (OBE-FLS) acknowledges that without provision of support ELLs cannot be assumed to academically succeed in a system where English prevails. To emphasize this aspect the NYSED P-12 Common Core Learning Standards (CCLS) require every teacher to be skilled to support ELLs who are acquiring knowledge of content as well as working towards making progress in their English language

Before an EMI period in the 1980s, Content-based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) were the well-known approaches to teach subject contents through a second or foreign language (L2) in western countries. CBI is an approach to L2 teaching that focuses on the target language and content (Brinton, Snow, & Wesche, 1989; Crandall & Tucker, 1990). Swain and Johnson (1997) pointed out that CBI is most often associated with the genesis of language immersion education in North America in 1965. They