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Cloud Forest Ecosystems: Tropical Rainforest

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Cloud forests are tropical ecosystems scattered throughout Central and South America, Africa, and Oceania (Scatena, Hamilton, & Juvik, 1995). Frequent, low level moisture shrouds the flora and fauna found in these jungles in a constant hazy mist. This fog cover differentiates the cloud forest environment from lowland tropical rainforests or temperate rainforests (Doumenge, 1995). To support an ecosystem, many processes such as photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, nutrient cycling, and predator-prey dynamics must work together to sustain life (Buddle, 2015). The hydrological cycle, specifically the processes of cloud formation and water interception, is the critical factor that shapes the emergence of a cloud forest and its species composition (Gotsch, Nadkarni, and Amici, 2016). …show more content…

Montane forests occur in the tropics on the windward side of mountains at elevations between 1000 and 3500 meters (Scatena, Hamilton, & Juvik, 1995). These high-altitude environments generate orographic lift, the process of a geographic barrier forcing an air mass to ascent from a low to high altitude, which rapidly cools the air, and condenses water vapor into clouds (Fabry & Lapointe, 2015). At sea level, tropical regions also receive larger year-round energy inputs from the sun than higher latitude areas, which promotes greater evaporation, thus increasing orographic lift (Fabry, & Lapointe, 2015). On the mountain, however, the persistent cloudiness lowers radiation, which reduces air temperature and light availability. (Reinhardt, Smith, & Carter,

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