Codfishing Research Paper

One of the reason why the Macaroni penguin is on this is is the abiotic and the biotic factors of the ecosystem that the Macaroni penguin lives in. Some of the abiotic factors are that the oil spills over the past years have affected the water that the penguins swim in and it is killing them and the food. Another abiotic factor that has be affecting the penguins is climate change. The climate change has affected the animal by warming of the water temperature and air temperature. This is the thing that as change the most to make the penguin on the endangered list. All of these other factors we here before this and global warming is affecting this animal in a bad way like many other arctic animals.

Iconic Cape Cod Massachusetts is named after the Atlantic Cod. For centuries, this fish has provided food and trade for New Englanders. In this time, there have been several instances of overfishing by humans from the aboriginal era to colonial times but none so drastic as the present conditions of cod fisheries (Jackson, Kirby, Berger, and Bjorndal, 2001). Overfishing is a human induced occurrence where humans are fishing more than a body of water can sustain. In other words, humans are catching more adult fish preventing the existing population from growing to replenish the fish that were caught (Overfishing: A Global Disaster, n.d.). Worldwide, over 80% of the fish stocks are “fully- to over-exploited, depleted, or in a state of collapse” (Overfishing: A Global Disaster, n.d.). The results of this careless behavior has reduced the biodiversity in the Gulf of Maine and landed the Atlantic Cod on the endangered species list as being “vulnerable” (Cod, n.d.). In the neighboring region of Newfoundland, Canada, communities are already feeling the effects of overfishing. In 1992, at the beginning of the fishing season in the Grand Bank region, there were suddenly no more cod. The local economies collapsed and to this day, the region has not quite recovered (Brennan and Withgott, 2005).

I moved to the Tampa Bay area in December of 2008, from an island off the coast of Southeast Georgia. I lived in downtown St. Petersburg for exactly 13 months when the coldest of winters hit. It was January of 2010, and the low temperature readings were in the mid to low 20s. The summer of 2009 had been a rainy one, with rain patterns every day for 45 days consecutively. The autumn months were mild, along with the first part of winter. Then a “cold snap” happened. Due to such low temperatures for such an extended period of time, there was a result in a prevalent amount of fishery kills throughout the Tampa Bay area, as well as the entire

At New Melones Reservoir, despite the continuing snow melt, the water level dropped another foot last week. The water clarity is good and the temperature is slowly coming up, now averaging 76 to 81-degrees. Trout are showing signs of schooling over deep water and feeding on shad minnows. Trollers have been finding trout at 40 to 60 feet with Speedy Shiners, Needlefish, and ExCel lures. Night fishermen have been doing well by anchoring over fairly deep water and lowering their light to about 20 feet. This attracts plankton, which in turn, attracts shad, which will attract larger fish. Live minnows and nightcrawlers are choice baits. The kokanee numbers may be down, but the quality is good with some going 15 to 18 inches. Bladed lures may work well in deeper water as they create vibration which will attract fish. Scented corn on each hook is important. Big trout winner at Glory Hole Sports was, again, Bob James, of Murphys, with a 2-pound rainbow caught at 55 feet in the main lake. Big catfish winner was John Tennant, of Twain Harte, with an 11-pound, 15-ounce fish caught with sardine bait in the main lake. Bass fishing is good for those who specialize in that type of fishing. Hayden Lee, of Angels Camp, recently caught a 10 pound Largemouth Bass on a topwater lure and he had no net in the boat. He and a friend were able to boat the fish for photos before release.

In the article by McEwen, the author claims the water problem causes the reduction of salmon. McEwen states, “California is rapidly declining salmon populations; the fish are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change”(McEwen,2009). In the other words, McEwen believes that salmon could died easily if the water’s temperature change and California’s salmon population rapidly become lower. Salmon are important because fishermen need to fish for finding food and making money for their family, so we should fix the salmon problem before we would not have any salmon in the river.

The alligator, even more than the alligator gar, represents the ultimate of “big game” bowfishing within the confines of the United States. These large, sinister-looking reptiles look exactly like what they are – the ancient, unchanged survivors of a world millions of years dead, still gliding through the muddy waters of the American South after countless other species have perished. Quick-moving when necessary, dangerously aggressive on occasion – especially when provoked – heavily armored with thick, knobby scales, and instantly recognizable, alligators are rapidly becoming a favorite target of sport bowfishermen, who appreciate their unique challenge.

For many years now, scientists have believed that our climate is changing. This climate change has caused water currents up north, near Antarctica to shift leading to warm waters taking the place of the usual cold arctic waters. Warm water melts the glaciers and causes the top of the glaciers to float off into the sea, allowing the warm water to melt even more glaciers. The extra glacier melting into our sea has caused the sea levels to raise and the

The Atlantic and Pacific Coasts fish stocks overall show little improvement, despite the management strategies that have been implemented to try to increase fish population. This is primarily due to overexploitation

According to the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission the lobster population is booming, but it’s the complete opposite over in New England. One of the main reasons the lobster population rises and fall is that the ocean is warming. While the ocean is warming two things are happening to the lobsters. One is that the warmth raises their metabolism, which causes them to repopulate quicker. The warmer water could also put the lobsters under stress which will cause them to migrate to waters that are survivable for them. Global warming will cause a reshuffle in the ocean ecosystem. Scientists are creating computer models to help predict where each species are headed due to the warming waters. Upon observing that global warming can cause the

In addition to improved techniques, curing methods advanced and freezing methods were developed. Technology advancements included the chronometer and telegraph which both improved navigation, and sonors and spotter aircraft aided in spotting cod schools. Fishing boats advanced from oars and sails to steam powered to motorships. All of these advancements aided in the overfishing, and consequently became a hazard. Scientists argue that you can’t predict nature and there is no way to tell if and when, as well as, how long it will take to replenish the codstock.

A study that was created by Florida Institute of Technology, talked about how the king crabs who could hurt the ecosystem because of the warming waters. From the Antarctic Peninsula warming up is letting the king crabs go from their deep sea homes to the shallow waters. The land creatures will not know what to do if the crabs came up to the surface. With the other creatures, they never had seen crustaceans because they have been in the deep sea. With the data that was collected, it could not be proven that the crustaceans will move to surface. Researchers also found nothing that could stop the king crabs from coming up to the shallow waters even if it got warm. To prove the hypothesis, the hypothesis had to be tested. The researchers who worked

According to a study in October 2015, “Earth had warmed by about 1.7 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880 when records begin at a global scale. Which includes the surface of the ocean. The warming is greater over land and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica” (Gillis, 2015). Although an increase of warmth of 1.7 degrees doesn’t seem like it’s a big deal,

The Oceaneos Research Foundation stated that in the mid-1990 the Atlantic cod was caught to near extinction. “Newfoundland’s fishing industry collapsed due to overfishing and 40,000 jobs were lost and the ecosystem destroyed. Fifteen years after the loss of the cod industry they are still waiting for a recovery.” (“The Oceaneos Marine Research Foundation”, 2017)

If a group of four polar bears drowned ONE TIME, then it in not necessairly the fault of global warming. Ever since 1980, there is a growing population of polar bears. Of 13 main groups in canada, 2 are declining, and the other 11 are thriving (Kelly, 2009). In fact, polar bears are becoming a problem to the natives because of the GROWING polar bear population (Watts, 2013). There are actually thousands of feet of rock that has fossils, and these fossils, back when they were animals, thrived in the co2 rich atmosphere, which had TEN TIMES the amount of co2 that we have today (Miscellaneous myths). Now, how is that bad? As for the people that rant on and on about how the co2 we put in the atmosphere causes huge weather problems, you’re next.

Overfishing is an enormous issue that needs to be corrected or there will be no more fish to catch in the future. The true definition of overfishing is as defined by the national fisheries act from 1996 overfishing is “a rate or level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes a fishery's capacity to produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on a continuing basis(kennedy, 2016)." Some of the facts of overfishing are so shocking they would blow you out of the water, as well as some of the effects overfishing can have on the fisheries. The solutions to overfishing are extremely simple and completely within our power to do.