Compare And Contrast The Ethnographic Culture Of British Columbia

Since the colonization of Canada First Nations people have been discriminated against and assimilated into the new culture of Canada through policies created by the government. Policies created had the intentions of improving the Aboriginal people’s standard of living and increasing their opportunities. Mainly in the past hundred years in Canadian Society, policies and government implemented actions such as; Residential schools, the Indian Act, and reserve systems have resulted in extinguishing native culture, teachings, and pride. Policies towards the treatment of Aboriginal Canadians has decreased their opportunities and standard of living because of policies specified previously (Residential schools, the Indian Act, and reservation systems).

Born on 5 March 1883, in Sainte-Marie-de-Bauce, Charles Marius Barbeau is widely seen as the first Canadian educated anthropologist. He graduated from Université Laval in Québec, from his studies of law, in 1907; he never practised law. Upon graduating, Marius was awarded – as the first French-Canadian recipient – the Cecil Rhodes scholarship which allowed him to study at Oxford University where he was introduced to the emerging field of Anthropology. « Je [voulais] savoir comment l’homme a été créé » he later explained to Marcel Rioux. (Benoît 1959a) During his stay in Europe, Marius also attended classes at the Sorbonne’s École des Hautes Études and at the École

“Most nations consider the notion of land to be an important one. But to Canada 's aboriginal people, it is also a strong cultural symbol. Native identity is drawn from the land: It has been a form of subsistence, and an integral part of creation myths.

Clearing the Plains, by James Daschuk, provides a rich account of the political, ecological, and economic systems that have led to catastrophes between non-Indigenous Canadians and the Indigenous people of the Plains. The author addresses untruths in the existing literature that attributes the dangerous position of Aboriginal peoples in Canada to cultural characteristics of Indigenous peoples themselves. The author describes the history of Aboriginal peoples as one characterized by struggle in the face of infectious diseases, starvation, suppression, and displacement by settler populations. This compelling book contains nine chapters, each exploring a theme that reveals the historical and ecological experiences that procreated the present dilemma

Confederation, also known as the Constitution Act of 1867, served as a political purpose and alliance in which made it particularly difficult for European settlers to coexist with preindustrial societies; hence, the years after confederation resulted in confusion about how Canadian government policies would address and affect Aboriginal populations. In contrast to the spiritual and traditional lives of the Aboriginal people, the new European settlers sought to conquer nature and shed traditional values in order to contrive industrialization in Canada; hence, post-confederation policies were largely based on the upper Canadian model. Furthermore, the failure of European settlers to coexist with the Aboriginal populations led to several attempts at civilizing the indigenous people; in other words, the federal government attempted to solve the Indian problem by assuming complete dominance over the Aboriginal populations of Canada. Having said that, the Canadian government’s harsh, prejudiced and paternalistic view of the indigenous people began a cycle of social, physical and spiritual destruction in which fundamentally resulted to economic, social, health and gender inequality. With that being said, the following paper will examine the long, and often bitter series of cultural encounters and exchanges that took place after confederation, such as the brutality of residential schools, health inequality and the Oka crisis dispute.

In understanding the importance of cultural continuance is it necessary to understand its connection and direct relationship to Canada’s long history of colonialization. Although western art places Indigenous history within in a complete pre-contact lens, Indigenous art and histories are connected and shaped by both pre-contact and post-contact worldviews which have influence and shaped various works and understandings. Yet, one significant separation between settler and Aboriginal world views that is important to notes in the role of cultural continuation is the difference to the linear event based view of history that western society is predicated on. As opposed to many Indigenous nations view of history as always within motion, not static

Soren C. Larson writes the second article, titled, Promoting Aboriginal Territoriality Through Interethnic Alliances: The Case of the Cheslatta T’en in Northern British Columbia. Larson worked for five years from 1998 to 2002 conducting ethnographic research on the Cheslatta T’en tribe in northern British Columbia. He conducted 82 formal interviews between himself and tribal as well as non-tribal members alike, as well as becoming integrated with the aboriginal

The Canadian native aboriginals are the original indigenous settlers of North Canada in Canada. They are made up of the Inuit, Metis and the First nation. Through archeological evidence old crow flats seem to the earliest known settlement sites for the aboriginals. Other archeological evidence reveals the following characteristics of the Aboriginal culture: ceremonial architecture, permanent settlement, agriculture and complex social hierarchy. A number of treaties and laws have been enacted amongst the First nation and European immigrants throughout Canada. For instance the Aboriginal self-government right was a step to assimilate them in Canadian society. This allows for a chance to manage

Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality,

When analyzing the West region of Canada two groups emerge one being the Prairies of

How does one describe land? What determines how one describes it? Does it matter about what year the chapter is written? In Chapter 12 of Warkentin’s text, he elaborates on the spacial complexities humans had in British Columbia between 1840’s and early 2000’s. Warkentin flows from the Southern British Columbia region to the Central areas of British Columbia then continues observations to the Island-Pacific coast which finishes with the Metropolitan B.C. His expertise of the land is almost overwhelming with descriptions of the Natural features, resources, and settlements within the area expressing tremendous spacial and humanistic details, highlighting the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and the important history between Aboriginals and the settlers of this time. Unlike Warkentin, Bone describes a

The central theme of this weeks reading is to give us insight on the Natives of the Northwest Coast social structure and how they were the outstanding exception to the stereotypes that hunting and gathering cultures or fish and gathering cultures in their case are classified by sparse possessions, small egalitarian bands and simple technologies. In their location there was a limited supply of food; less work was required to meet the needs of subsistence of the population rather than in farming communities of comparable size the food unused by the Northwest Coast people encourage development of social stratification. There usually was a ruling elite that controlled use of rights to communal property, with the “house society” for a form of social

The Ojibwa are an Aboriginal individuals in Canada and the United States who are a piece of a bigger social gathering known as the Anishinaabeg. They are firmly identified with the Odawa and Algonquin people groups, and offer numerous customs with neighboring Cree individuals, particularly in the north and west of Ontario, and east of Manitoba. In their conventional countries in the Eastern Woodlands, Ojibwa individuals got to be indispensable parts of the early hide exchange economy. Ojibwa society, dialect and activism have continued regardless of assimilative endeavors by elected and commonplace governments, and much of the time are illustrative of the persisting First Nations vicinity in Canada (Bishop, 2008). The historical background

To control territory, individuals need to control travel corridors. In northern Canada, this means controlling access to waterways (Speck 1931:577). If people can control a travel way, then they can monitor access to resources. The control of fisheries directly relates to the control of travel routes (Pike 1896:213-214; Pénard 1929:20-24). Social conflicts and their resolution can evidence territorial frontiers. Throughout the oral traditional, there are instances of tense to aggressive conflicts between Denesųłiné and Inuit that highlight cultural frontiers (Janes 1973:39-54; 1974:7-10). The oral traditions mark the expansion and contraction of territory (Pike 1917:186-203; Smith and Burch 1979:78-93). Instead of borders, frontiers are areas of social interaction at the meeting of two or more cultures (Barth 1969:15-37). Inuit encroached on the Denesųłiné because of a re-alignment of their seasonal rounds during the fur trade. To generalize, in

Canada is one of two countries located in North America and is the second largest country in the world. It is situated just north of the United States and constitutes the northern part of the country, excluding Alaska. Over the years Canada's culture has been influenced by European culture and traditions, mainly that of the French and British. Canadian culture has also been influenced by the countries' first people, the Aboriginals, as well as the newer immigrated population (Wikipedia, 2007). Canada consists of ten provinces and three northern territories, almost all of which are "rich in land and natural resources" (Bailey, par. 2). Canada is often referred to as a mosaic community because there is such a wide variety