Thomas M. Magstadt defines the term justice as “The extent to which individual rights (that is, natural, human, or civil rights) are respected by government.” It can be accurately inferred that if something is justified, it holds a reasoning that respects the individual rights of the people. Various methods of justification are expressed through Corazon Aquino’s rise to presidency. This can be explored with the following question: to what extent was Corazon Aquino’s presidential election in the Philippines justified by former president Ferdinand Marcos’ actions as leader?
History is a complex concept that needs to be broken-down in order to be fully understood. This is most successfully done through examples from the past. Creating
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Marcos used this so he could arrest quickly without the need to trial. However, for the public, the abolishment of their individual rights is a violation of justice. People even started to suspect Ferdinand Marcos as being the culprit of the Plaza Miranda bombing. The suspension of Habeas Corpus threw the public into a frenzy. Multiple cases were filed, including a petition to return the writ of Habeas Corpus by Benigno Aquino Jr., Corazon Aquino’s husband. The case was called Aquino V. Enrile; Enrile was the name of the national defense secretary. The petitioners were arrested and the case favored Enrile due to a clause in the constitution stating, “he [the president] may suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law.” This case may have changed the public’s reactions to the suspension of Habeas Corpus, but not their opinions about it. They may not declare petitions to restore their writ of Habeas Corpus, but they will certainly keep their ambiguous feelings about it.
Once Corazon Aquino was elected president in 1986, she sought to restore democracy in the Philippines. One of Aquino’s first actions as president was changing the Philippines’ constitution. Her reconstructed constitution contained more democratic concepts as well solidifying the writ of Habeas Corpus. The sudden, yet glorious, change Aquino brought upon the Filipino people after Marcos’ dictatorship only justified
This paper deals with ways history can be interpreted and influences different interpretations have on society and individuals. This is explored through
In reading a Little History of the World by E.H. Gombrich you realize that history seems so much less complicated when you are the one standing back and reflecting on the past. You realize how easy it is to often forget that every single new idea, religion and war was a struggle that lasted generations upon generations. History is more than just a page or a story, its our account of the world. That goes to show how short life and history is, you realize that history is always repeating, war after war, peace then war. There are good and bad periods in history and its up to us to learn from them. In a way history is much like a human being it goes through stages, learns about life, and has inner struggles or wars about their ideas and their beliefs.
To begin with, what is history? The answer to this question varies depending on whom is being inquired. Predominantly, history is regarded as the study of the evolution of ideas or events in chronological order. History is frequently applied to study topics such as economics, culture, politics and society. However, it can also be utilized to clarify alternative topics such as science, ideology, technology and more. The challenging aspect of history is to obtain documents and sources that are not biased or are coherent enough to trust.
History, a collection of the past, holds a lot of information about events and society to help inform us in the present as it is the only data
Martial Law under the Marcos administration was a very uproarious period in Philippine history, and countless lives have been irrevocably changed because of it. With the working thesis of, “The execution of the orders from the higher ups during the Marcos era stems from the psychological capability of certain soldiers to communicate, understand, and properly implement the law in a peaceful manner,” the researcher delves into the concept of agency and how it is affected or compromised by both internal and external factors. It is important to first understand the structure of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in Marcos’ time, as they played a vital, and often controversial, role during this era. According to Jongseok Woo’s ‘Security Challenges and Military Politics in East Asia: From State building to Post-democratization,’ “Under the martial law regime, the AFP experienced unprecedented expansion of the organization and its roles beyond the responsibility of national defense.” (Woo, 46) Due to beneficial and generous decisions Marcos made that are partial to the AFP, it could be said that Martial Law happened because of the support of the AFP officers rallying behind Marcos.
The importance of our world's history is huge because it teaches us about our past and how we came to be in the world we live in today. History can help you learn about our ancestor’s origins and cultures.
History is a subject that can define a person’s heritage. Each one is different, but can have a few similarities. Each person’s history can explain where their family originated, the culture that they are originally from, the struggles that their family encountered, and so much more. But the most important thing that a person’s history can show, is how they ended up where they are today.
An Authoritarian leader cannot be replaced by citizens by choosing freely among various competitors in a democratic election. Authoritarianism in the Philippines is highly commended for its vast effect on the country’s economy and well being. Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081 declaring the Martial Law in the Philippines on September 21, 1972. He issued the said law to justify the need for Authoritarian rule to foster economic growth and prevent leftist insurgencies (Kushida, 2003). As Marcos imposes Authoritarianism in the Philippines, different reactions arise in the Filipino citizens. Majority of the Filipino people learned to accept the new reform systems proposed by the government. But even though these people support the martial law, there are still a number of citizens who question the president’s stated justification and continue to doubt in his true
The Philippines has always been known to have a Presidential system of government, but I believe that this type of governing isn 't really fit for our country considering that our nation/the people cannot really make a responsible decision for themselves, considering that this is a democracy which it should be run by the people. There are many reasons why the Presidential system isn 't very reliable and is very unfair. One of these is how the the leaders are elected, for the Presidential system, they have the “plurality voting system” which means, the candidate who has the most votes wins the election, therefore neglecting the votes of all the other candidates who lost which they then get nothing from it. This is very unfair considering that each candidate has different programs and focuses which they specialize on, for example, Duterte and his plan to eliminate all drug-related activities in the Philippines, and Miriam Santiago, who’s goal was to strengthen the country’s affairs in an international level. These two candidates had very different goals for the Philippines, but since this is a third-world country, many people considered Santiago’s goal to be unreachable which they then reasoned that the drug problem in the Philippines rising rapidly which they then stressed the importance to elect a leader who will do it for them. My point is, most people in the country really don 't know the benefits of being involved in international
The history that is discussed in classrooms today is not what it once was. History is no longer held with the same value as it was once before. History repeats itself. We can learn the story of history and unpack it to understand. Through history we can learn the effects of change. Through history we learn so much.
The most difficult aspect of history is that there is no correct or straightforward answer. All history is interpreted differently by the different people involved which leads to biases. For this reason, there is no guarantee that the information will ever be entirely objective. By looking at multiple sources, I was able to form an idea of the events that occurred while viewing different interpretations with similar themes. One of the most important aspects of my research was finding multiple sources that included similar information in order to verify the accuracy of these
The past is an essential part of growing societies and the natural world around us. Without small, memorable fragments in earlier years, there would be no beginning to the growing building blocks we've continued to developed as history.
Recently deceased, author and historian Dr. Michel Rolph Trouillot gives an explanation to what the meanings of “history” are in his ever important work Silencing the Past: the Power and Production of History. Trouillot explains that there are two meanings of “history,” one being the
The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between the writers, readers, and the makers of history. It is a vital topic which should be relevant in our lives because it?s important to acknowledge past events that have occurred in our world that deeply influences the present. This essay will discuss what history is, and why we study it.
An explosion during the proclamation rally of the senatorial slate of the opposition Liberal Party in Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila on August 21, 1971, prompted Marcos to suspend the writ of habeas corpus hours after the blast, which he restored on January 11, 1972 after public protests.