Henry James, like Shakespeare, had the exceptional quality in divining and rendering the poetry of female psyche. Only a few novelists who have shown better understanding of tender and dreamy hearts of women than James were Jane Austen, George Eliot, Sir Walter Scott, George Meredith and Thomas Hardy.
James was a keen observer and could distinguish between American and European women. He was deeply affected by American women’s spiritual charm and moral beauty. That is why George Eliot’s heroines – Dorothea Brooke and Gwendolen Harleth, in particular, is the nearest approximation of James’s own heroines. Reviewing Middlemarch, James wrote about Dorothea: ` she exhales a sort of aroma of spiritual sweetness.’ In deepest level, he was inspired by emotion and intuition rather than by intelligence and intellect. Due to certain deep, psychological reasons the young American woman evoked the strongest spiritual response in James till the end. As for his European heroines like Christina Light, Eugenia and Madam de Vionnet – they represent a different order and style of charm. Their appeal is that of `achieved woman’.
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There is no doubt that James’s own repressed sexuality, which breaks out in the later fiction is chiefly responsible for his emotional shrinking and diffidence in the presence of roused sexuality. Isabel Archer’s case is often cited as a typical example of sexual fear and frigidity. Perhaps deep down in her puritan psyche, there is still the idea of essential ugliness and bestiality of sex- an idea which somehow is not wholly dissipated, for all her cultural enlightenment. In fact her very refinement of spirit compounds her errors and adds to such distortions in her vision. Her rejection of Caspar Goodwood, in particular, appears to be a rejection of male sexuality roused to a desperate pitch. Somehow her spirit quailed at the thought of her body’s violation by so insistent a
Ultimately, the evidence shown above reveals the many apprehensions and difficulties women endured during the 19th century, and the implications of their actions. Through the above examples, it demonstrates that women must show certain etiquette among European society despite personal heritage. As well as one being innocent and denying social norms, there are limitations and one should be cautious to personal decisions. Similarly, young women should be more vigilant towards warnings of others and adult figures that offer helpful advice even if their nature is to be ignorant to rules. Given these points, James emphasizes in the novella ‘Daisy Miller’ the taboo of young sexuality during the Victorian era, and the strict social conventions and
his formative and adolescent years. As time goes on, in 1821, Nathaniel enters Bowdoin College
Taking Daisy with appreciation and without alarm, we also re-read her character and re-evaluate her moral status. We (the readers) seem to meet James’ sophistication with out own, by agreeing on a mixed interpretation of Daisy: she is literally innocent, but she is also ignorant and incautious. (1)
The Apostle Saint James the Greater, also known as James, son of Zebedee. He was known as the Greater to be able to tell the difference from him and James the Less, of whom they called because he was shorter. He was born July 25, 0000, the same year of Jesus. James was a cousin of Jesus, he was the son of a sister of the Virgin Mary. He was one of the few apostles considered to be in the “inner circle” of Jesus.
What drives Sophia? She, unlike many female characters of the Enlightenment Era, is incredibly complex, agentive, and realistic. She contains multitudes, wishing for romance and scorn, loving to love and to manipulate, in a way she herself doesn't quite understand. And that, more than anything, is what she wants: to be understood.
Yaeger takes issue with Tanner’s contention that extramarital desire functions in the 18th and 19th century novel as “an attack” on the rules governing “the opposed demands of private desire and public law,” rules that are “mediated” by the institution of marriage. (Tanner 13) While Yaeger agrees with Tanner that adulterous behavior by literary heroines does challenge one expression of patriarchy, Yaeger characterizes this challenge as only “mildly transgressive,” noting that “adultery remains well within the arena of permissible social trespass.” According to Yaeger, Edna’s falling in love with Robert Lebrun is an act of social misconduct that is easily imagined by, and indeed is anticipated by, the bourgeois Creole society she inhabits. Thus, Tanner errs when he equates adultery in the novel with “the possible breakdown of all the mediations on which society itself depends”; rather, Yaeger notes, for Edna “the thought or practice of adultery…is actually a conservative gesture within the larger scheme of things, another mode of social acquiescence.” Indeed,
Henry James’ The Bostonians (1886) is a satirical study of the feminist movement. This novel can be read as a study of woman’s quest for being a patriarch in United States of America in the 19th century. The events of The Bostonians are set in New England of U.S.A. The female characters of this novel are involved in the feminist reform movement that swept New England during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The novel appeared thirty-five years before female suffrage. James foresaw the catastrophic weakenss of the feminine life force by the dominance of men over women. When Henry James started writing The Bostonians in 1883, he uncovered his intentions for this novel:
William James author of “Psychology: A Briefer Course” discusses aspects of the self and how it is formed through the world that one lives in. This paper will attempt to use what James claims about the self to support Virginia Wolf claim that if woman had a room of one’s own there could have been a sister of Shakespeare who could have been as great, if not greater, but because of the age in time that was impossible and continued to be impossible for centuries to come (Wolf p.46) Wolf goes on to discuss all of these aspects of oppression done to woman through fictitious writing which only goes to strengthen her claim because she is only capable of doing this in the time and age she lives in and therefore has the freedom to educates herself, and read and write about what she wants, whether it be fiction or not. However, before one can dive into this conversation we must understand and comprehend what James says about the self and how it is severely influenced by the world one lives and grows
When it comes to literature, many things affect a reader’s comprehension of the story that is being told. Memory, symbol, and pattern give works of literature a deeper, more insightful meaning rather than a superficial one. When one finds a pattern in literature, it is able to give an understanding to the motives or personalities of characters. The patterns found in a work could also be giving insight into an author’s personality. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennett is a strong willed, opinionated female in a time where women were supposed to be docile beings. She is not the only female throughout the literary work that is more outspoken than what would have been common practice of the time. Mrs. Bennett, Caroline Bingley, and Lady Catherine were all women who had their own views on how their life should have been run throughout Pride and Prejudice. This says a lot about what Jane Austin was like. She, in her own right, was more ambitious than women of her time because she was an author. The pattern of a strong female portrayed in Austin’s books shows Austin’s own belief on how women should be.
Femininity runs throughout the work of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. A variety of figures illustrate behaviors that Jane observes growing up. There are a number of positive role models that portray how to be a woman not just in the 19th century but in modern-day time. On the flip side there are role models that exemplify socially and morally unacceptable traits. Jane is a growing embodiment of both the good and bad mystique. But is there a right way to be a woman? The good of one person reflects on the rest of the population. What more for a woman to act one way and have it represent the rest of her kind? During Jane’s childhood, Mrs. Reed and Ms. Temple establish two distinct platforms of femininity. One platform values the virtues of compassion
Jane Eyre is the first and most powerful or popular novel which represent women’s position in a modern perspective during the Victorian era. During the Victorian era male dominated or “androcentrism”, depict male as a masculine point of view at the one's world view and its culture, history and women are subject to the voice of
The novel written by Henry James can be interpreted in many different ways. The theories that readers form are developed by the story’s shifting plot and mysterious tone. The novel is filled with characters from different status and hierarchy. The situations described throughout the story place women in stereotypes or roles that display their power and qualities. The story also creates a wall that separates men and women by their social class and appearance.
Swift’s ideal woman, Esther Johnson, possesses this equilibrium. In Esther, or “Stella,” the satirist finds a woman who can be sensible and serious, but still feminine, and thus redeem mankind through both her docility and wit. Swift’s poems for Stella stand out from his other depictions of women because he writes for her as a physical human being, a tangible individual subject to both suffering and age. The talents and abilities she manifests are real human virtues, with all the credit of their active application in the constraints and difficulties she faced in life. Swift’s poems about deceitful women emphasize and satirize human vanity and pride, which causes many women to foolishly attempt to preserve their most temporary quality: their physical beauty. In contrast, the poet’s verses on Stella praise her essential, permanent qualities, such as reason, common sense, honor, and courage.
William James was an American philosopher and psychologist who specialized in Pragmatism and philosophy related to such. He led a philosophical revolution in the USA and would make the philosophy known as ¨Pragmatism" very well known. In his book ¨The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy", William explains different philosophical beliefs while also challenging them and supporting the right to believe in a religion or even life itself. William James' style of writing is more Expository mainly due to his explanation of different philosophies/religions but showing pros and cons of many different philosophies.
Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Brontë. It is distinctly a female Bildungsroman, as it follows the progress and growth of Jane’s character on her quest for selfhood and independence in a society that tries its best to impress upon her the roles and expectations of women in the Victorian era (which is neatly packaged in the figure of the ‘Angel-in-the-house’.) This is something with which this essay seeks to engage by looking at female figures which feature prominently in Jane’s life, how those who embrace the figure of ‘Angel-in-the-house’ are treated and viewed, versus those who do not. Furthermore, important male figures will also be looked at in order to understand Jane’s own feelings to the ‘Angel-in-the-house’ figure and how she approaches it, as well as how the Byronic hero might relate – if it even does.