Critical Race Theory Analysis

Recently, there has been much in the media about clashes between African Americans and the police. Two such cases, being the shootings of Michael Brown and Laquan McDonald - both incidents resulting in public outrage. These cases result in questions about racial profiling by police. Through research, it is clear that African Americans are the target of racial bias by many police departments in the United States; in order to remedy this situation, law enforcement agencies need to (and are beginning to) undergo scrutiny on their interactions with the public and, additionally must receive training on diversity.

One of the most polarizing policy issues in the United States is the process of using race, ethnicity, and/or national origin by law enforcement as a chief predictor of criminal behavior. In the presence of social media and modern technological innovation, there has been increased documentation on the very problematic ways in which police officers use their position of authority against minorities. The countless cases of murder and police brutality have prompted national dialogue regarding to what extent race should be used in methods of policing. Against a troubled backdrop of incessant clashes with minorities and law enforcement, navigating the situation requires a degree of care that does not diminish the

Many researchers have conducted numerous studies analyzing the police interactions and arrest records of African Americans to see if there is a discernible disparity between the number of African Americans and Caucasians arrested. Studies conducted by researchers has led to the disclosure of many out of important stats including on which states that African Americans believe police do a poor job of handling their fellow officers accountable for misconduct and treatment of racial and ethnic groups equally (CQ Researcher,373). Addition research has shown that 57 percent of African Americans believe police use excessive force when detaining suspects while only 25 percent of white

Critical Race Theory and Conflict Theory Society contains groups with diverse interests, where competing interests encourage conflict (Hutchison, 2013). The racial ideology in the United States is the belief in a hierarchy of races with whites at the top and other races grouped underneath (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2011). One way minorities are depicted as different from whites is through imagery that creates detachment and seclusion between groups (Ortiz & Jani, 2010). Critical Race Theory Critical race theory (CRT) assumes this society was created to empower White people; CRT is focused on transforming the relationships between race and racial power assembled by law and culture (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012). This theory suggests that racism is embedded in American society (Helms, 2006), looking at how racial pride in being White can be exhibited in tolerable ways or as White superiority (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012).

In assessing interpersonal relationships, the concept of race is a powerful factor. The United States upholds a problematic legacy in regard to the power discrepancies between racial minorities and white individuals. The race issues that currently exist in the U.S. are of unacceptable quantities but are also progressing through a path towards larger conflict that can be analyzed through theories of race and ethnicity, specifically critical race theory. After an overview of critical race theory, there will be an analysis of the historical context of the U.S., looking at slavery and segregation. A discussion of the existing systemic issues that reinforce power imbalances will follow. Subsequently, there will be an examination of “white privilege” and the violence that can emerge out of this notion. The stance that is being taken here is not merely that there is severe racism in U.S., but that in using critical race theory, one can see that race issues are so deeply rooted in society to the extent that it reinforces future inequality and violence.

African Americans, Whites, and Hispanics often perceive American social institutions, including the criminal justice system in starkly different terms. Research has shown that race is one of the most salient predictors of attitudes toward the police and other criminal justice institutions: African Americans are more likely than whites to express dissatisfaction with various aspects of policing. Whites tend to hold a favorable opinion of the police, favor aggressive law enforcement, and are skeptical of criticisms of the police. African Americans and Hispanics, however, are more included to viewing the police as contributing to their subordination through both legal and extralegal practices, as frequently involved in mistreatment of minority citizens. Their position increases the chance that they will see police misconduct as both a general problem and one that particularly afflicts Hispanics and African Americans. The reality is that most African Americans and Hispanics, like many Whites, want law enforcement amplified, though they want it achieved in a fashion that reduces abuses. (Weitzer & Tuch, Race and Perceptions of Police Misconduct, 2004)

Critical race theory is an approach to examine race as a social construct, and it looks at the social and economic inequality among the different races in society. This theory better understands the different values of the race at different level such as individual, interactional, institutional by highlighting those narratives of minorities that typically do not have the power. The privilege is typically silence those narratives by holding more power in the social position as being White than those narratives. Social position refers to the position that is given to a person given by society and culture, which influenced by the person’s social status. The power of the social position can relate to the privilege and power of whites in politics

The article displayed an statistic on how the african american male student fall below all of the other subgroups.Also showing that it is an unequal amount of student who dont plan to enroll in college from high school at all leaving the number of african american males scarce in the higher education category. Once enrolled and moving through college these student typically faced hardships that other subgroups may not face in their day to day life. Anumba mentioned the “Critical Race Theory”, which examined african american experience and the their educational outcome. The article finalize with african american student are deserving of assistance completing the the educational process. Obligating society to alter the status quo and beliefs

Multicultural understanding is critical, as currently members of racial and ethnic minorities account for more than one in three Americans, and projections indicate that members of minorities will constitute a majority of the nation’s population by 2050. One of the most significant problems facing the police during the past three decades has been the tension, and often upright hostility, between the police and minority group citizens. Over the last few decades, minority representation has increased significantly in U.S. police departments. However, African America, Hispanic American, and other minorities are still seriously underrepresented in U.S. police departments.

The conceptual framework for this study is based on three assumptions: 1) Critical Race Theory (CRT) is a necessary component to examine the marginalization and muted voices of Black women through narrative (Cook, D.M. & Williams, T, 2015). (Harris, 2016) (Hernandez, 2016) 2) Intersectionality situated in CRT offers multiple identity markers that are interconnected and independent variable (Cannon, M.A. & Morton, C.H., 2015) (Patton, L.D. & McClure, M.L., 2009). 3) The concept of students as spiritual beings through the development of faith and spirituality (Patton, Renn, Guido, Quaye, 2010; Weddle-West, Waldon, & Norwood, 2013). Spiritual development encompasses obtaining: purpose, meaning and direction in students’

Critical Race Theory (CRT) informs the theoretical framework of the study, encompassing the interlocking and emotionally-charged discourses of social justice, educational equity, integration ideology, redemption, and social, political and economic equality, to name a few (DeCuir & Dixson, 2004; Ladson-Billings, 2013; Parker & Lynn, 2002; Solórzano & Yosso, 2002). Critical Race Theory openly challenges traditional research paradigm and existing policy and practice on race and racism, and proceeds from the underlying premise that racism is a ubiquitous and pervasive construct whose essence is ensconced within every aspect of American society (Bell, 1995; Ladson-Billings, 1998; 2013; Solorzano, 1998; Taylor, 2013). Whether sub-conscious or subliminal,

The history of American policing has been tainted by legal authorization of biases, disparate service delivery, and tarnished by the enforcement of racially motivated laws and statutes. Consequently, the present-day relationship between minorities and the police in America is one that has been impacted by the historical legacies of slavery, segregation, and discrimination, all impacting  racism at the societal, institutional, and individual levels. The negative perception of ethnic minorities over the past three decades has spread rapidly, researchers suggest that specific stereotypes are commonly used by police officers to classify people

The authors argue that people of color in the United States experience racism, it is an institutional power, which deprived the rights of the minorities.

The television shows that we watch daily reflect the currents or past events that occur in our nation, and/or history. Specifically, in America TV shows portray society through the lens of a Critical Race Theory. Critical Race Theory is a framework in which the topic of power and oppression all intertwines on race, social class, and gender. Moreover, Critical Race Theory parallels with Master Narrative and Counter Narrative. Master narrative is a spoken or unspoken narrative that is presented and defined under a superior perspective. Unlike, Counter Narrative that challenges Master Narrative and presents a narrative through the lens of a less dominant view. An example of the Critical Race Theory vividly present is the TV show called

The critical race theory advocates the regulation of hate speech online and evaluates the concept of free speech through the lens of those traditionally targeted by hate speech. Proponents of this theory use the stories of the persecuted in defense for their positon. This position also aligns itself with the speech act perspective, the idea that speech ultimately will result in action; this is central to the critical race argument because it is precisely what moves the right to free speech into dangerous territory for minorities. The ultimate goal of this theory is to reduce the number of hate crimes in the real world by limiting the ability of hate groups to organize online and create fear within minority communities.