Crowley 's Ridge : Is It Accurate?

The Lakota, an Indian group of the Great Plains, established their community in the Black Hills in the late eighteenth century (9). This group is an example of an Indian community that got severely oppressed through imperialistic American actions and policy, as the Americans failed to recognize the Lakota’s sovereignty and ownership of the Black Hills. Jeffrey Ostler, author of The Lakotas and the Black Hills: The Struggle for Sacred Ground, shows that the Lakota exemplified the trends and subsequent challenges that Indians faced in America. These challenges included the plurality of groups, a shared colonial experience, dynamic change, external structural forces, and historical agency.

Reverend John Wesley made the imperative decision to move to the Point Washington area in the year 1885. William Henry Wesley, Sr., son of the Reverend, formed the magnificent property of what would one day be Eden Gardens State Park in 1895. Once firmly established in the Point Washington area, William Henry Wesley, Sr., known by his family as W.H., “and his father-in-law, Simeon Strickland, soon went into the lumber business.” The forests and uninhabited land once encompassed by the Euchee Indians and its chief were cleared in order to begin the lumber business. Present day Eden Gardens is known for the large and incredibly beautiful home that was constructed when this lumber business began. W.H. and Strickland started to fabricate homes made from the best lumber the two men had manufactured. A viewer and admirer of the park can hardly fathom that the monstrously large oak trees of Eden today were hardly starting to grow in the time that the houses were built. The oak trees present on the property are of an astounding size that make any individual to visit the park begin to wonder the majesty of

The Enlightened Archaeologist – an article authored by Jeffrey Hantman and Gary Dunham chronicles Thomas Jefferson’s investigation of the Indian burial mound located on the South Fork of the Rivanna River in the 18th century. The site excavated by Jefferson, however, is no longer visible, most likely due to dissipation by inevitable natural occurrences (I.E. excessive rainfall, flooding rivers, etc.) or human activity such as farming. The “Father of American Archaeology” correctly predicts the latter in his book, Notes on the State of Virginia, in which he states, mounds “…put under cultivation are much reduced in their height, and spread in width, by the plough, and will probably disappear in time” (1787). Fortunately for Archaeologists of the late 20th century (1988) an Indian burial mound identical to that of the one Jefferson described in his book was uncovered just 14 miles from the South Fork of the Rivanna River.

The little-used Dick Bishop trail winds downhill for .7 mile along the upper side of a canyon, starting in chaparral and ending among the coastal live oaks, blue oaks, and madrone. Edgewood County Park is the open space you view across the canyon to the south. Edgewood Park and Pulgas have similar topography, and are basically composed of weathered sandstone, but the formations are different: the Edgewood stone is Franciscan greywacke and serpentine rock, while Pulgas is from the Whisky Hill formation, which results in a few different wildflowers in the two

There is something historic going on here.” Salopek talks about Oylum, a man-made hill in southeastern

History is like a die. It can have a small or large number of sides, but it can never have just one. Regarding the United States Westward Expansion in the Post-Civil War era, there were many sides to be taken into account, including (but not limited to) the Apache Indians, the US Government workers and soldiers, the American Elite, journalists, and scholars. How historians and others perceive this era is dependent on the primary sources available. By looking at sources such as Apache Chief Geronimo’s Story of His Life, Harvard Educated Ranch Manager Richard Trimble’s Letters to his Mother, and Financial Editor H.D. Lloyd’s “Story of a Great Monopoly”, one can unearth little nuggets of information that help determine how the process of incorporation affected large and diverse groups of people.

What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the state of Arkansas? Chances are, that as an Arkansan the thoughts are quite different than those of someone not born or raised here. Hillbilly, redneck, barefoot, and trailer are a just few of the common first words invoked in the minds of “foreigners” by the word Arkansas. In the non-fiction work, Arkansas/Arkansaw: How Bear Hunters, Hillbillies, and Good Ol' Boys Defined a State, author Brooks Blevins provides readers with his idea of how Arkansas's image began, and then perpetuated over time. He provides several examples of the

There are many ways in which we can view the history of the American West. One view is the popular story of Cowboys and Indians. It is a grand story filled with adventure, excitement and gold. Another perspective is one of the Native Plains Indians and the rich histories that spanned thousands of years before white discovery and settlement. Elliot West’s book, Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers and the Rush to Colorado, offers a view into both of these worlds. West shows how the histories of both nations intertwine, relate and clash all while dealing with complex geological and environmental challenges. West argues that an understanding of the settling of the Great Plains must come from a deeper understanding, a more thorough

Hiking trails to see if you have a half a day: Wind Cave Trail at the Usery Mountains (great city views), Heiroglyphic Trail at the Superstition Mountains (petroglyphs, historical significance).

My family always felt that knowing one 's history was of the utmost importance. Binders and books track my maternal heritage through centuries; however, my paternal side kept oral records of our heritage, so much of it was lost through the generations. Determined to find the lost information, my father and I took it upon ourselves to create our own genealogy report and dug through different documents to back trace our ancestry. It was then we discovered Thomas Glass, a Native American also known as Tagwadihi (Catawbakiller) or Chief Glass of the Chickamauga tribe in the early nineteenth century. Desperate to know more about this man, we discovered a journal that gave detailed descriptions of who he was and what he did. That journal is called the Journal of Major John Norton of 1816. This memoir gives glimpses into knowing one of my ancestors, reading from his friend 's perspectives and sharing in the interactions of a family member long since perished and otherwise unknown. From reading it I discovered the wonderful ethnographic data that it embodied. Norton 's descriptions of his acquaintances in the Cherokee nation "are frequently supported and never contradicted by historical records" and historical figures who were briefly mentioned in Cherokee documents become fully-developed in his journal (Klinck lxvi). However it raises questions as to where this journal belongs. Does it belong in Native American Studies, historical studies, or literary studies? Does John Norton have

As a rule, the Native Americans are perhaps the most overlooked sector of the population of the colonies. This war completely varied their knowledge of their land and its value. “We know our lands have now become more valuable,” (Document B). No more would they be fooled by

In Robin Cole-Jett’s book, The Red River Valley in Arkansas: Gateway to the Southwest, he describes the river as a 1,360 mile “treacherous” and can be “wild and unpredictable”, but it is the geography through which it travels that makes the Red River of the South such an interesting study for human interactions.” After 1803 when the French sold the Louisiana territory for $15 million dollars for 800,000 square feet of land, President

I found myself five miles outside of Zion National Park in Utah early last summer. Pure energy coursed through my veins at 5:30am to hit the trail as I shook my dad awake. I fantasized of sitting on the top of the landing and looking down at the valley distant and peaceful below. The knife’s edge ridge stands nearly 1,500 feet above the valley, only accessible via miles of trail and dozens of switchbacks. Sandstone rock crawls up both sides and suddenly creates a narrow top, to which only the bravest travellers to this Mormon “place of peace” may tread.

The Burren, a vast landscape in County Clare, Ireland, is one of the country’s six national parks. The burren may be empty to many, but it contains many exiting adventures to ponder on. Mrs. Sparr is seeking one place to put on her itinerary, my job is to persuade her to pick my suggestion. I believe Mrs. Sparr ought to scrutinize and elect my suggestion.

This is not a typical getaway on The Esplanade set aside to justify working a duration of the year; instead, it is a grotto to seek distraction from a common place. However, all destinations come with a degree of disadvantage and inconvenience and the same can be said about this dwelling.