Determination of the Calorific Value of Ethanol and Paraffin

d) It led to less fuel being used than the amount that maximizes consumer surplus.

Purpose: To utilize a calorimeter correctly to find the enthalpy changes in two different reactions. The purpose was also to use concepts of specific heat to observe the relationship between temperature observations and heat transfer. Then, use the equations to see the relationship between change in energy and the amount of substance involved. Use Hess’ law to determine the change in energy.

When the fuels are burnt, energy is given off. I will be calculating the energy given off using the formula above. The specific heat capacity is the energy

1 d) Everything we do involves fossil fuels and in order to change it we would have to change the way we move around, spaces we live in and jobs we perform and food we eat.

One resolution to the fuel pollution issue uses the idea of reinvention to curb the damage that smoke and fuel causes to the environment. A U.S. company, Sea Change LLC. paired with the Maine Maritime Academy to create a more friendly fuel (“1”). The engineering classes at the academy along with chemists created a fuel that burned cleaner and safer for the environment. The fuel used mirco-glycerol droplets mixed with ultra-low sulfur diesel to reduce harmful emissions and as a result found a reduction in smoke by 25 to 50 percent (“1”). In addition Nitrogen Oxide levels showed a reduction by 5 to 15 percent compared to regular low-sulfur diesel at equivalent horsepower (“1”). This hard work truly paid off big for these two entities and they showed that with some ingenuity safer ways of burning fuel just wait to be

Fuel is usually consistent of octane, ethyl benzene, Trimethylpentane, toluene, and brutane. The reactions of 3.51kg of oxygen to one kilogram of fuel causes the production of 1.42kg pf water and 3.09kg of carbon dioxide. Simply written out, it would form an equation similar to C8H18+O2+CO2+H2O —> CO2+H2O. Dismally, this doesn’t work as a proper equation, as one would find it impossible to balance out. The balanced equation would be closer to C8H18+O2 —> CO2+H2O. Now that one is able to balance the equation, we’ll multiply the carbon dioxide and water by eight and nine respectively. Now there are too many oxygen on the right side of the equation (product). We move to the left side of the equation (reactant) and change the O2 to 25/2O2. Balanced, the equation is C8H18+25/2O2 —> 8CO2+9H2O. In terms of heat through energy, this equation can be converted to [(8 x -393.5) + 9 x -241.8)] - 250.1. What this means is for each time the reactant produces the CO2+H2O mixture, -5270kj of energy are produced.

a. Calculate the amount of energy (heat) – in kcal - each releases per gram when combusted.

When most people think about the term ‘calorie’ they are actually talking about what nutritionists call a ‘kilocalorie’. 1 calorie is the amount of energy it takes to heat 1kg of water by 1 °C at sea level. The calorie content of food was first determined in the late 1800s by the chemist Wilbert. O. Atwater. He built a device called a respiration calorimeter, to make direct measurements of heat released by humans, from the food they consumed. At 4ft x 8ft, Atwater’s calorimeter was big enough to step in to it, it measured the amount heat they released, the amount of oxygen they consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide they gave off. Using this device he way able to measure Atwater was able to measure the precise amount of energy contained in thousands of food items. He found that carbohydrate and protein were worth about 4 calories per gram and fats, about 9 calories per gram. This 4-9-4 rule is at the heart of how labels are determined per

In this lab we are measuring the amount of energy that is contained in various snack foods. This is usually listed in the nutrition label on the back of any contained foods as a Calorie. Its listed as the amount of Calories in a product per serving. One Calorie is equal to 4,184 Joules. Joules is a measure of heat energy. We will also need to know what specific heat is. It is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

11) These technologies would save 2,900 to 3,900 gallons of gasoline over their lifetime. Thereby cutting emissions of global-warming gases by 37 to 50 tons.

It is with great pride that I announce Global Research Corp, National Motor Company, and Filters Inc. have entered into a strategic alliance that will allow approximately half of the 1 billion cars on the road and their owners freedom from traditional fossil fuels and ability to use biofuels with our transition package named The Gas Replacer. The advancement in biofuel technology has reached the point where Global Research Corp can now introduce a viable and sustainable alternative with National Motor Company and Filters Inc.to a global audience with your help!

It is with great pride that I announce Global Research Corp, National Motor Company, and Filters Inc. have entered into a strategic alliance that will allow approximately half of the 1 billion cars on the road and their owners freedom from traditional fossil fuels and the power to use biofuels with our transition package named The Gas Replacer. The advancement in biofuel technology has reached the point where Global Research Corp can now introduce a viable and sustainable alternative with National Motor Company and Filters Inc.to a global audience with your help!

With these fuels being such a crucial and essential part of Americas livelihood and status, it brings us to the question

A large calorie(symbol:Cal,kcal) – 1Cal is the amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celcius.

Diminishing fossil fuel resources have prompted scientists and researchers to look for alternative sources of energy. Though several alternative sources of energy have been identified, generation of energy using combustion of fuels still remains the dominant source of energy globally [1].