Determination of the Calorific Value of Ethanol and Paraffin

d) It led to less fuel being used than the amount that maximizes consumer surplus.

In a lab experiment, a 0.6-g peanut is burned beneath 60 g of water. Heat from the burning peanut raises the water temperature from 22⁰C to 50⁰C in 3.0 minutes. If the heat transfer is 41% efficient, how many Calories of heat did the peanut release while burning? Show all calculations leading to an answer.

1 d) Everything we do involves fossil fuels and in order to change it we would have to change the way we move around, spaces we live in and jobs we perform and food we eat.

Fuel is usually consistent of octane, ethyl benzene, Trimethylpentane, toluene, and brutane. The reactions of 3.51kg of oxygen to one kilogram of fuel causes the production of 1.42kg pf water and 3.09kg of carbon dioxide. Simply written out, it would form an equation similar to C8H18+O2+CO2+H2O —> CO2+H2O. Dismally, this doesn’t work as a proper equation, as one would find it impossible to balance out. The balanced equation would be closer to C8H18+O2 —> CO2+H2O. Now that one is able to balance the equation, we’ll multiply the carbon dioxide and water by eight and nine respectively. Now there are too many oxygen on the right side of the equation (product). We move to the left side of the equation (reactant) and change the O2 to 25/2O2. Balanced, the equation is C8H18+25/2O2 —> 8CO2+9H2O. In terms of heat through energy, this equation can be converted to [(8 x -393.5) + 9 x -241.8)] - 250.1. What this means is for each time the reactant produces the CO2+H2O mixture, -5270kj of energy are produced.

a. Calculate the amount of energy (heat) – in kcal - each releases per gram when combusted.

11) These technologies would save 2,900 to 3,900 gallons of gasoline over their lifetime. Thereby cutting emissions of global-warming gases by 37 to 50 tons.

Gas collection bulbs were filled with different proportions of each gas, proportional to the number of moles of gas present, and were tested for relative loudness, which represented power/ explosive energy via a pop test in which a match was struck near the bulb. The loudness was measured via a scale in which the most explosive mixture was given a ten and the least explosive given a zero. The ratios were tested for their ability to launch the bulb a distance during a rocket launch in which the bulb “rocket” was placed on a launch pad and ignited by a piezo sparker. Both dependent variables, distance and loudness represented overall explosion energy and were used to indicate which of the ratios represented the optimum ratio of hydrogen and oxygen to give water in a combustion reaction. To be considered valid, the amount of error in each data point must have fallen into the range of average deviation of the measurements.

The heat of combustion in kJ was -8.372, (Index 1). The heat of combustion in □(kJ/g) is found by (n∆H°rxn)/(mass of fuel burned) , is -20.93□(kJ/g) (Index 1). The heat of combustion in □(kJ/mol) which is found by (n∆H°rxn)/(number of moles), is -5912.4 □(kJ/mol) (Index 1).

The Gas Replacer will empower consumers to choose their fuel choice and realize the following potential benefits

A large calorie(symbol:Cal,kcal) – 1Cal is the amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celcius.

When the fuels are burnt, energy is given off. I will be calculating the energy given off using the formula above. The specific heat capacity is the energy

The Gas Replacer will empower consumers to choose their fuel choice and realize the following potential benefits

When a combustion reaction takes place it is when a liquid (typically a hydrocarbon) gets oxidised into the form of H2¬O and CO2, The formula for heat of combustion is -∆H = Q/n, the formula looks similar to change in enthalpy but they represent different thing . As enthalpy measures the change in heat (energy) that something has before and after a reaction. Meanwhile heat of combustion shows how much heat is given to its environment. In this EEI heat of combustion will be the focus since it is the best way to decide which fuel is the best to take camping. Q is the heat, it is found by using the equation Q = mc∆T. m is the change in mass of the fuel, c being the specific heat capacity (usually of water that is heated up) and ∆T is the change in temperature. Q is divided by the amount of moles of fuel used to find -∆H. The vast majority of combustion reactions are exothermic.

Fuel alternatives for the future are very important because, we need resources for life. We won’t have fossil fuels forever. It is important to start now. If we did not have any fuel alternatives how would the world be?

However the anti-knocking properties of diesel is measured by its cetane number. The cetane number is the measurement of the anti knocking and the combustion quality of diesel. It is the equivalent of octane number for gasoline. The average value of cetane number for a diesel fuel ranges from 42 to 45 but for premium diesel cetane number can be up to 60. Another important property of fuels is the calorific value. The calorific value is the amount of heat or energy produced when the fuel is combusted. Therefore the calorific value determines the output power produced by the fuel. It is either measured as either gross calorific value or net calorific value. The most commonly method of comparing calorific values of fuels is net calorific value. The net calorific value of gasoline is 44400 KJ/Kg. This means that 44400 kilojoules of energy is produced for every kilogram of fuel burnt. In comparison, the calorific value of diesel is 43400 (Bureau of Energy efficiency, p.4). The calorific value of diesel is lower than the calorific value of gasoline and hence gasoline has a higher output power than diesel. The output power is one of the most important factors on which efficiency is dependent. Hence it can be said that the efficiency if petrol is higher than that of diesel. Since early 20th century the popularity of electric vehicles have been raising.