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Dialogism And Intertextuality: A Perspective By Panchappa R. Bakhtin

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In Rabelais and His World Bakhtin develops the concept of canivalesque. The narrative that resembles the carnival in spirit and mode, he designates or describes as carnivalesque. The rise of the novel, he maintains, can be traced back to the design of a carnival. As Guerin and others write :
Out of the primordial roots of the carnival tradition in folk culture… arises the many-voiced novels of the twentieth century…Just as public ritual of carnival inverts values in order to question them, so may the novel call closed meanings in question… the people of a community express both their sense of being victims of power and their own power to subvert institutions. As a carnival concretizes the abstract in a culture, so Bakhtin claims that the novel …show more content…

Panchappa R. Waghmare, in the article Mikhail Bakhtin’s Dialogism and Intertextuality: A Perspective, published in Indian Streams Research Journal Vol - I , ISSUE - IV May 2011 , claims that Bakhtin’s conception of ‘polyphony’ is equivalent to ‘intertexuality’ and that ‘Bakhtin’s theory proposes that all discourse is in dialogue with prior discourse on the same subject….(2). He bases his analysis drawing upon Kristeva’s concept of intertextuality and her study of Bakhtin’s Dialogism in Word, Dialogue and Novel. Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality postulates that ‘any one literary text is made up of other texts, by means of its open or covert citation and allusions, its repetitions and transformations of the formal and substantive features of earlier text…any text is… the site for an intersection of numberless other texts, and existing only through its relation to others.’ (Abrams 317) But Bakhtin’s primary focus is on language or discourse as used in the text. Language used in a novel is a combination of echoes from many languages – literary, religious, commercial, formal, colloquial, legal and from the languages related to the spheres of human activity that the author chooses to draw upon. Bakhtin’s own observation in ‘Discourse in the Novel’ is very much pertinent here in our analysis of the conversational poems in Frost’s second …show more content…

A host of features that are proper to the novel may be found in North of Boston. Taken together the poems in the anthology resemble a novel in its variety of themes.( It comes very close to the genre popularly known as the verse novel. In a verse novel the story is told in verse instead of prose.) Frost’s is the story of the people of the countryside engaged in an interaction with Nature and society in the Northern part of Boston. ‘Mending Wall’, the first poem of the collection, takes us to a rural world where two people contradict over the need of a boundary wall to maintain property. We are introduced to the problem that engages two people. The scene moves to a farm house in ‘The Death of the Hired Man’, the second poem of the book. Here the tragedy of the hired man Silas is depicted with grim reality. Next poem ‘The Mountain ’which contain a number of brilliant passages describing the surrounding nature, presents the encounter of a local peasant with a traveler. The reality of the household matters gets reflected in ‘Home Burial’, ‘A servant to Servants’ and ‘the House Keeper. ‘Home Burial’ narrates the quarrel between the husband and wife over the untimely death of their little child. The problem of women who perform drudgery in the household like a slave is the theme of ‘A Servant to Servants’. The episode revealing the unhappiness of family life finds reflection in ‘The

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