In Rabelais and His World Bakhtin develops the concept of canivalesque. The narrative that resembles the carnival in spirit and mode, he designates or describes as carnivalesque. The rise of the novel, he maintains, can be traced back to the design of a carnival. As Guerin and others write :
Out of the primordial roots of the carnival tradition in folk culture… arises the many-voiced novels of the twentieth century…Just as public ritual of carnival inverts values in order to question them, so may the novel call closed meanings in question… the people of a community express both their sense of being victims of power and their own power to subvert institutions. As a carnival concretizes the abstract in a culture, so Bakhtin claims that the novel
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Panchappa R. Waghmare, in the article Mikhail Bakhtin’s Dialogism and Intertextuality: A Perspective, published in Indian Streams Research Journal Vol - I , ISSUE - IV May 2011 , claims that Bakhtin’s conception of ‘polyphony’ is equivalent to ‘intertexuality’ and that ‘Bakhtin’s theory proposes that all discourse is in dialogue with prior discourse on the same subject….(2). He bases his analysis drawing upon Kristeva’s concept of intertextuality and her study of Bakhtin’s Dialogism in Word, Dialogue and Novel. Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality postulates that ‘any one literary text is made up of other texts, by means of its open or covert citation and allusions, its repetitions and transformations of the formal and substantive features of earlier text…any text is… the site for an intersection of numberless other texts, and existing only through its relation to others.’ (Abrams 317) But Bakhtin’s primary focus is on language or discourse as used in the text. Language used in a novel is a combination of echoes from many languages – literary, religious, commercial, formal, colloquial, legal and from the languages related to the spheres of human activity that the author chooses to draw upon. Bakhtin’s own observation in ‘Discourse in the Novel’ is very much pertinent here in our analysis of the conversational poems in Frost’s second …show more content…
A host of features that are proper to the novel may be found in North of Boston. Taken together the poems in the anthology resemble a novel in its variety of themes.( It comes very close to the genre popularly known as the verse novel. In a verse novel the story is told in verse instead of prose.) Frost’s is the story of the people of the countryside engaged in an interaction with Nature and society in the Northern part of Boston. ‘Mending Wall’, the first poem of the collection, takes us to a rural world where two people contradict over the need of a boundary wall to maintain property. We are introduced to the problem that engages two people. The scene moves to a farm house in ‘The Death of the Hired Man’, the second poem of the book. Here the tragedy of the hired man Silas is depicted with grim reality. Next poem ‘The Mountain ’which contain a number of brilliant passages describing the surrounding nature, presents the encounter of a local peasant with a traveler. The reality of the household matters gets reflected in ‘Home Burial’, ‘A servant to Servants’ and ‘the House Keeper. ‘Home Burial’ narrates the quarrel between the husband and wife over the untimely death of their little child. The problem of women who perform drudgery in the household like a slave is the theme of ‘A Servant to Servants’. The episode revealing the unhappiness of family life finds reflection in ‘The
Explain (tell me what image the poem brings to mind)She begins by describing the "death of winter's leaves".
In the article “Intertextuality and the Discourse Community” James Porter points out to the audience that there is no original piece or writing. Porter’s article addresses the concept of plagiarizing. He does not oppose that plagiarizing is wrong, rather he claims that it is inevitable. Porter argues that in all pieces of writing are intertexual. Intertexuality is the idea that all writings have traces and ideas from other past text. Intertextuality is important to completely understand a piece of writing.
One of Mikhail Bakhtin’s most famous works Rabelais and His World deals with the event of carnival. Bakhtin begins by explaining that the essence of carnival is, “life itself, but shaped to a certain pattern of play” (7). Yet, it is not an expansion of real life. Bakhtin says, “It is the world standing on its head” or it is
Oliver charts a course in the twenty-six poems of “Night Traveler” between two worlds, human and natural, where the individual faces loneliness and yearns to transcend the limited human world. "Sleeping in the Forest," is the first poem in the “twelve moons collection” where the poet vanishes over and over into the earth, according to Poetry Foundation. In his poetry work. Frost shows off his New England themes liking and uses a unique blend of colloquialism and traditional meters. He also encompasses on themes of self-realization and acceptance. This is evident in his collections “north of Boston” in the “new republic,” according to Poetry Foundation. Their themes all took different perspectives on life and the society but they all addressed important life experiences and were both an interpretation of their beliefs.
Not only are metaphors utilized throughout the poem, but a literary device known as Imagery is as well. Imagery is alternative as important a device for it allows for the reader to have a clear picture of what the character in the poem is visualizing. Furthermore, it also helps covey the theme the author is aiming to represent to the reader. Imagery is made known in stanza two line three, which states, “Because it was grassy and wanted wear” (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the readers the traveler is coming up with a reason for why one path could be more favorable over the other. The reader analyzes this line of imagery to obtain a clearer representation of the traveler’s decision-making process. Another line where the author uses imagery is in stanza two line five, which states, “Had worn them really about the same” (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the reader that the paths are “worn” down, which informs the reader that both of his choices have been equally chosen by people before him. These examples help the reader begin to form the theme of self-justification in decision-making. After analyzing the metaphors and the imagery Frost uses in this poem, the reader can conclude so far that the theme the poet is conveying
In the second volume of “The Collected Poems of Weldon Kees” by Donald Justice, it’s convenient to read different types of theme in multiple poems. It grabs the audience attention for reading and understanding the lines that reflect the poem itself. The collection of the poem reflects on his adventures and the places he lived. The two poems I’m focusing on is “Robinson” and “That Winter.” Both of the poems are making a key reference for the readers to understand. Readers will understand about defining poetry line terms, poetry elements matches the theme, and how both poems relates to the author’s activity.
The poetic techniques were symbolism, imagery, and tone. Symbolism is the most powerfully used technique due to the fact a good number of lines located in this poem is used to signify a certain object or idea related to our life or today’s world. Imagery in the sense that you can visualize the path, the yellow wood, the undergrowth, the divergence; it is all made very vivid. Frost did this throughout; you know trying to stimulate the reader’s mood using one’s senses. In this poem, imagery permits the reader to imagine the scene that this poem takes place in resulting in an enhanced understanding of the theme. The tone Frost’s work presents is an insecure attitude which allows the theme to be brought out due to the fact the theme relates to a dilemma in one’s life. These techniques strongly aid in the revealing of this specific theme.
Mark Strand’s poem, “Poor North” depicts the life of a married couple facing countless struggles during a harsh winter. It tells of a man working in an unsuccessful store while his wife sits at home, wishing for her old life back. The way the wife copes with her sadness is both intriguing and perplexing. She misses her old life, even though it is described to have not been special; however, the wife may be a person who never feels satisfied or fulfilled by the external world due to internal conflict. Despite the wife’s obvious misery, she stays by her husband’s side and they stroll in the cold together, bracing the wind. As a means of escape from life, she peers into her past in order to find hope in the present.
The Use of Literary Devices in Robert Frost's Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Robert Frost takes our imagination to a journey through wintertime with 
his two poems "Desert Places" and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening". These two poems reflect the beautiful scenery that is present in the snow covered woods and awakens us to new feelings. Even though these poems both have winter settings they contain very different tones. One has a feeling of depressing loneliness and the other a feeling of welcome solitude. They show how the same setting can have totally different impacts on a person depending on 
their mindset at the time. These poems are both made up of simple stanzas and diction but they are not straightforward poems.
The style of the poem is more of a narrative, it paints a picture in my head of what is happening in it. It is not too long, but in the short length it spills a lot about the ideal of it. Frost is the main person speaking to us in this he is telling about his experience and how he's warning us about what could possibly happen.
He would wake up the household when the house was warm and the children still spoke indifferently to him even though he warmed up the house and even polished the children’s shoes. The child describes the family as ungrateful for what the father does for them. The theme of Those Winter Sundays is hard to determine. Because there is more than one theme. The poem explores themes like ungratefulness and love. The love theme is not upfront and easy to identify because it is not really portrayed, one can see it in the father as he does these things for his family. Ungratefulness is easier to see because they do not thank the father for anything he does. The tone of this story could be regret because the speaker regrets not showing any appreciative towards his dad. The poem also comes with the elements of speech such as internal rhyme, imagery, and personification. Internal rhyme can be found in the first stanza line 5 when he says “banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him.” The rhyme is in the words banked and thanked. Imagery is also found in the first stanza line 2 when he states “put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, then with cracked hands that ached.” And finally, personification is found in the second stanza the last line when he says “fearing the chronic angers of that house.” This is personification because they are giving the house the emotion of being angry.
Robert Frost had a fascination towards loneliness and isolation and thus expressed these ideas in his poems through metaphors. The majority of the characters in Frost’s poems are isolated in one way or another. In some poems, such as “Acquainted with the Night” and “Mending Wall,” the speakers are lonely and isolated from their societies. On other occasions, Frost suggests that isolation can be avoided by interaction with other members of society, for example in “The Tuft of Flowers,” where the poem changes from a speaker all alone, to realizing that people are all connected in some way or another. In Robert Frost’s poems “Acquainted with the Night,” “Mending Wall,” and “The Tuft of Flowers,” the themes insinuate the idea of loneliness
Frost describes the little boy's work in the first two lines by saying the 'stove-length sticks of wood,' inferring the practical nature of his work. The mountains described in the next lines further add to the captive nature of the poem. Vermont provides a
Poetry is a literary medium which often resonates with the responder on a personal level, through the subject matter of the poem, and the techniques used to portray this. Robert Frost utilises many techniques to convey his respect for nature, which consequently makes much of his poetry relevant to the everyday person. The poems “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’ and “The mending wall” strongly illuminate Frost’s reverence to nature and deal with such matter that allows Frost to speak to ordinary people.