Ferrous Metals
Mostly consists of Iron. Small amounts of other metals or elements are added to give the needed properties. Ferrous Metals are magnetic and have little resistance to corrosion.
Advantages
• High strength to weight ratio with regard to Non-metals
• Weighs more than Aluminum and Titanium Alloys
• High quality and durable material
• Recyclable and environmentally friendly
Disadvantages
• Tends to corrode by rusting
• Machine ability is affected by the magnetic field
• Requires more energy to form shapes or re-work compared to Aluminum Alloys
Examples and uses:
• Mild Steel – Used for engineering purposes and in general, none specialized metal products.
• Carbon steel – Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits.
• Stainless
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Thermoplastics:
Organic materials that melt when heated. They are formed when they are in a melted or viscous phase. This generally means they are heated, formed, and then cooled in their final shape.
Advantages: Thermoplastics have a good range of properties and are energy efficient both in their manufacture and processing. Thermoplastic components can be made in very high volume with high precision and low cost. Thermoplastics can replace metals with a considerable weight savings, providing proper care is taken in design. Most thermoplastics have better fatigue properties than metals and will tolerate larger deflections than metals without deforming.
Disadvantages: Thermoplastics melt. Some degrade in direct sunlight or under high U.V. light levels. Many materials have poor resistance to hydrocarbons, organic solvents, and highly polar solvents but others have excellent resistance to these materials. Thermoplastics suffer from creep, a relaxation of the material under long term loading. Many thermoplastic materials, especially composites, tend to fracture rather than deform under high stress
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Furthermore, polyester is in vast industrial use, in conveyor belts, in fibers, in ropes, in yarns, as well as in tire reinforcements.
• Polypropylene is also known as polypropene. It is used in packaging and labelling, in textiles such as carpets and thermal underwear, stationery, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, polymer banknotes. It is resistant to a lot of chemical solvents, acids and bases.
• Polystyrene can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset. As a thermoplastic it is used for disposable cutlery, CD and DVD cases, plastic models, smoke detector housings, packaging materials, insulation, and foam cups.
• Cellulose acetate is used in photography, in adhesives, for eyeglasses frames, and also as a synthetic fiber. Cigarette filters and playing cards are also made of it.
• Teflon is mostly known as the non-stick coating of cookware. It is also used as a lubricant to reduce friction and wear, as well as energy consumption in machinery.
• Nylon is a silk plastic, used to make fabrics, carpets, ropes, musical strings, and bridal veils.
• Polyketones are high performance thermoplastics which resist solvents, like polypropylene; these thermoplastics have good mechanical
Other polymers used in plastic-based hairsprays are copolymers with vinyl acetate and copolymers with maleic anhydride .
Polypropylene is a widely used commodity plastic with high chemical resistance. Being used widely due to its properties such as good tensile strength, fatigue and heat resistance besides having very high chemical resistance and used in food industry, also have very low water absorption.
The plastic Grace and I chose was polyethylene terephthalate. It is used for water and soft drink bottles, peanut butter jars, and other impact-resistant bottles as well as textiles.[1] PET is a semi-crystalline, thermoplastic polyester.[6] Its mechanical properties include excellent tensile and impact strength, chemical resistance, clarity, processability, color ability and thermal stability. PET is mechanically processed by extrusion, injection molding, and blow molding.[1]
We found that Polypropylene was our 5th unknown. Polypropylene (C3H6) or more commonly referred to as PP, is used for labeling, packaging, textiles, and stationery. In 1957, the crystallization of polymer was discovered. Soon fabric was made from the polymer, and was in high demand. It can also be used for moldings of cars, film, tape, foam and carpet. Polypropylene can not be glued to any objects or itself, and so it is melded. After Polyethylene, Polypropylene is the highest produced synthetic plastic. Polypropylene also holds up well over time, which is one of the reasons that it is the second most produced plastic. The melting point is between 130-171 degrees celsius. Because polypropylene is tough and flexible it can be used as an engineering plastic. Finally, polypropylene can be used be manufactured into a living hinge. A
We use some sort of PET merchandise every day. “Polyethylene Terephthalate is a strong, lightweight plastic resin and form of polyester that closely resembles glass in clarity .... PET is commonly used in food packaging due to its strong barrier properties against water vapor… PET is also shatter-resistant, slightly flexible and easy to recycle” (Alpha). As stated above we use PET in everything that you can think of. If you have a bottle around you, look at the bottom, if it says 1 in
Because it is easy to make, as well as being cheap, it means that it is a very readable and available plastic to make with (Factsaboutbpa, n.d.). Also, because of its structure, Phthalates can be stored for a long time, without it breaking down (Factsaboutbpa, n.d.). This plastic is also used in the making of many medical instruments, because of Phthalates properties (Factsaboutbpa, n.d.). An example of a product that it is used in, is the case that holds newborn babes, protecting them from harm (Factsaboutbpa, n.d.). It is also used in safety equipment, such as army gear because of its strength and shatter resistance (Factsaboutbpa, n.d.). Because of these features it is also used many electronic devices (Factsaboutbpa,
Latex is most often used in a huge range of products. For example, rubber gloves such as those as a rule used to look after the arms even as washing dishes tend to be made of latex. The balloons at a baby's birthday social gathering could also be composed of latex, and latex is by and large used within the manufacture of swim caps. The elastic bands that
Polymers have been changing the way we live for over 100 years. Their availability and diverse qualities ensure that they are always in high demand, and new polymers are always being discovered. Where does this leave the now commonplace polymers which once were ubiquitous in commerce? Polymers such as polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride (Bakelite) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were first synthesised in 1907 and 1938 respectively, making them old by polymer standards. Although the original polymer applications are now redundant, they have found uses in new areas of society. This dynamic aspect of polymers is due to their unique structure. Polymers are created from many small molecules (or monomers) reacting with each other, and arranging
Iron is a very interesting element with many unique properties. Its chemical symbol is Fe and is grouped as a transition element on the Periodic Table of Elements (Mukherjee). Over the years, iron has been a very useful material to the construction industry, and in modern times, it’s presence in construction is most commonly found in the use and production of steel. Steel is an alloy of mostly iron and carbon (Sandhyarani). However, to get more specific, there are around twenty-seven different types of steel that are made from mainly iron and are combined with other elements, such as carbon, chromium, silicon, nickel, molybdenum, etc (Mukherjee). Iron is a highly reactive metal, more so than either gold or silver, (TutorVista.com) it’s most well known chemical reaction being oxidation, commonly known as the rusting process. Because iron is a metal that readily oxidizes, it is extremely difficult to find in its pure form on the surface of the earth (Mukherjee). Some of the major and minor catalysts of the oxidation of iron include salt, bleach, and water solutions. Common salt is probably one of the most well known substances that can cause any kind of metal to rust. Common salt is an alloy of sodium and chlorine, and is scientifically known as Sodium chloride (Zronik). Sodium chloride is a crystalline compound occurring naturally as a mineral
The soda bottle is all to common today. It is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a durable yet a feather light product. PET is used in many diverse products, such as polyester fabric, cable wraps, films, transformer insulation, generator parts, and packaging. It contributes to about 6.4 percent of the packaging industry and 14 percent of plastic containers, including but not at all limited to the common soft drink bottle. Making up for 43 percent of those sold, PET is the mostly used soda drink container. Aluminum, comes in second with 34 percent, while glass, which used to be the sole and only contender, is now only a petite percentage of the material used for bottling.
Iron is used more than any other metal for producing metal alloys. The most important iron alloys include cast iron, pig iron, wrought iron, and steel. There are various alloys of steel, but they all contain iron as the main metal. Carbon is one of the main alloying elements mixed with iron to make steel. Steel from iron is both inexpensive and very strong. It is used in the production of all sorts of items including cars, ships, buildings, and tools. Stainless steel is used in household appliances, cookware, surgical instruments, and industrial equipment. Iron has been used by people since ancient times. Smelted iron was first used in Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Iron began to replace bronze during the Iron Age which began around 1200 BC. Iron gets its name from an Anglo-Saxon term. The symbol Fe comes from the Latin word for iron, "ferrum”. Iron also plays an important role in biology. It is important in plants for
Uses: Upholstery is widely used in interior spaces. It is used for pillow covers, cushion covers, sofas, curtains, chairs, beds, etc. As there are so many varieties of upholstery it is one of the most used fabrics in an interior space.
Polyethylene is the world’s most widely used plastic. Polyethylene plastic’s principal application was in packaging, from trash bags to milk jugs. It was widely used in the manufacture of everything from trash bags, picnic cutlery and garbage pails, to plastic toys. Polyethylene also replaced glass, wood, and metal in certain applications.
Polymers are also commonly referred to as plastics so now you can put in to perspective how much we use polymers. You can also realize
Polyethylene plastic was accidently discovered through experiments many years ago and it can now be found in about everything we use in the modern life today. It is the most popular plastic in the world today.