Disparity In Morbidity

What are the steps that can be taken to improve the disparity of infant mortality in minority communities?

Kimura’s scientific article Sex Differences in the Brain provides an excellent scientific basis and intermingles social implications with scientific discoveries. It’s use of graphs and tables allow for readers to easily understand each point being driven and makes excellent use of past references to allow a full scope of comparisons. Borchers’ social science article Sociological differences between women and men: Implications for autoimmunity gives genuine insight into the differences of men and women’s abilities regarding everyday tasks and duties but falls short in it’s delivery and scope. I suffers from confusing in text statistics and poorly places graphs that make it difficult for a reader to understand. While of the same topic, the Kimura’s scientific article does a better job of not only presenting ideas but creating them as well. Bringing several different approaches to understanding how men and women function, the scientific article is the superior of the two for this

The aim of this essay is to explain and provide a sociological analysis of the underlying reasons for the differences in health that have been identified and provide explanations for the existence and persistence of these health inequalities. In the UK, health inequalities exist through a range of social and demographic indicators, which social class, gender and ethnicity. Health inequalities are indicated through mortality, morbidity and infant mortality rates.

Heart disease is the leading cause of fatality accounting for every one in four deaths in the United States (CDC, 2015). Even though cardiovascular disease affects men and women, it is more likely for women to pass away within the first year after a heart attack (The Gender, 2015). There are several different explanations proposed as to why this gender gap exists. A person’s genetic traits and habits can increase their risk for heart disease. In order to understand the risk factors for women, we must first understand what heart disease is. Then we can examine the risk factors of heart disease, the causes, and finally prevention and treatment.

The social security article has shown that a male that is aged 65 years has a lower life expectancy than women. https://www.ssa.gov/. This is shown by the statistic that I researched using the social security article; A 65 year old man has a life expectancy of 84.3 where as a women aged 65 has a life expectancy of 86.6. https://www.ssa.gov/. This may be because women develop health illnesses later than men in their life. http://content.time.com/. Research has proved this by the Time article stating that women develop cardiovascular disease when they are about 70 or 80 years old where as men develop these illnesses when they are 50 or 60 years old. http://content.time.com/. The delay in the disease may be because of their iron deficiency in comparison to men. http://content.time.com/. This iron deficiency is common in young women aged 20 or 30 in which the iron deficiency difference between the men and women is higher for women because of menstruation taking place in a women or it may be because of a women’s genetic inheritance. http://content.time.com/. A woman has two X chromosomes whereas a man has only one X chromosome. Instead of having two X

. . more had shock, syncope, and left ventricular failure”(Tunstall-Pedoe). Besides, according to goredforwomen and the American Heart Association, 90% of women knew with an absolute surety that there was a problem with their heart when reaching the later stages of both coronary heart disease and heart attacks. But pairing this with the aforementioned misdiagnoses and neglect from doctors may open crucial insight on why women are reaching hospitals in more critical stages of cardiorespiratory afflictions and why women die from these issues more regularly than men (Tunstall - Pedoe).Finally, the greatest contributor for women’s deaths from heart disease lies within the public eye: women are unaware of their risks. According to Gura, a study done in the United States revealed that over 50% of women will die of coronary heart disease (Gura), and the rate of death has skyrocketed over the years; it currently sits at one woman dying every minute (Mikhail). Despite these alarming numbers, most women continue to cite breast cancer as their greatest risk. Notwithstanding, heart disease kills more women than all other cancers combined (Gura). There are certain factors that women cannot control that contribute to this: age, genetics, and mental

important, heart disease remains the No. 1 killer of women, even young women.” After reading

Heart disease, for one example, was long thought to be a ‘male disease’ despite that fact that

Women presently face multiple challenges in the healthcare system. Things such as research androcentrism, medicalization, and gender stereotyping are all things women must overcome in today’s society. Research androcentrism or male centeredness in the field of health care is used to describe how men are used as a baseline for medical research and standards of care (Shaw & Lee 368). By using only men, generally white men, as a baseline for research, the effects of drugs and procedures are not adequately studied; a lack of research on other groups of people, specifically women, can prove to be dangerous because certain drugs may affect women differently than men. Another challenge pertaining to research androcentrism is the fact that women are not always included in clinical trials (Shaw & Lee 368). Until recently, the biological differences

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States.1 There’s been an increase in heart disease awareness among women in the United States from 34% in 2000 to 54% in 2009.2 This is due to public health efforts to educate women and increase awareness. The main issue in this case is figuring out a way communicate effectively by teaching women about their risk of heart disease and how the different risk factors can be improved or prevented. Issues leading to the main issue are like the yellow brick road leading to it. Heart disease is seen as a male disease because of previous marketing in America in the 1950’s through the 70’s that women had to care

In society, health inequities are inevitable inequalities in health between groups of individuals within countries and between countries (Morrison, 2014). Social and structural inequities shape health and illness; however, within and between societies, these inequalities and inequities are prevalent in more countries than others. Economic and social conditions and their effects on individual’s lives govern their risk of ailment and the actions taken to mitigate them becoming ill or treat sickness when it arises (Morrison, 2014).

Health disparity between different countries remains a significant population health and wellness issue. The disparity is evidenced by various health and well-being outcomes such as mortality rates, incidences and prevalence of diseases, and life expectancy among other indicators. The disparity has continued to expand despite various global initiatives targeting the reduction of particular global health issues such as child mortality as well as the advancement and globalization of health care. It is hypothesized that various empowerment enhance population health and well-being and thus health and wellness status of particular countries can be linked to significant increase or decrease of empowerment measures. Some of the primary empowerment measures associated with the level of health and well-being outcomes include rights and civil liberties, freedom, education, income inequality, and controlling per cap GDP.

The article says that many people think men’s health is important in family structure and it affects the whole family into widowhood. Men take more responsibility to support family than women. Although women are getting more power and working as much as men do, men still have more things to manage and care financially and mentally. However, men’s health is greatly under recognized even though men are working a lot for his family. Men as a group are measurably less involved in preventive health care. The article also says, “Thirty-three percent of men have no regular physician, as opposed to only 19% of women.”

Gender, within research of gerontology is relatively recent in its consideration in exploring the experience of elderly in western society (Wray, 2003). Therefore, differentiating between genders is done through describing the obstacles that women face in old age compared to men, such as gap in life expectancy, where women tend to live longer than men (Backes et al., 2006). Their ‘prolonged’ lifespan in comparison to men

As health is seen as a holistic concept we also have to focus on the psychological side of health. Mental illnesses affect around one in every three people and an individual?s gender is a critical determinant of mental health and mental illness. Women are much more likely to develop mental health problems then males do. The most predominant of these disorders are depression, anxiety and somatic complaints.