The Southern Hemisphere is warmer in December, January, and February because it receives more solar energy than does the Northern Hemisphere. During, June, July, and August the opposite is true; the Northern Hemisphere receives more solar energy and is warmer. This is due to the spherical shape of the planet, due to which sun is nearly overhead at equator than at high latitude therefore warmest. Thus, temperature varies with latitude from the warm Equator to the cold poles.
Generally high rainfall occurs at high temperature as shown in (Figure 1).
There are three distinct wind cells - Hadley Cells, Ferrel Cells, and Polar Cells.
The Hadley cells are thermally driven, direct circulations in the tropical atmosphere between 30N and 30S which conserve
3. Based on your answers, why is it warmer in summer than in winter? It is warmer in the summer then in the winter because the Earth’s tilt is
Temperature contrast between the equator and the Arctic region is greatest in the winter. Temperatures near or at the equator only change a few degrees between winter and summer while the Arctic region changes drastically up to 40 degrees between the seasons.
From 1960 to 2010, northern, eastern and southern regions have had increased warm over summers and winters (Chris Huhne, 2011). The average warmed in the world is 0.64 °C (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2014), but over the last 50 years Brazil average warmed is 0.7 °C (Jose A. Marengo, 2011). In the south
Some evidence implies warm temperatures in several parts of the globe, including the North Atlantic, northern Europe, China, and parts of North America. Other studies retain evidence that the temperature conditions of certain regions, such as, South America, and other locations in the Southern Hemisphere, were no different from those of today.
Atmospheric and ocean surface temperatures are increasing much faster in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. Figure 1a shows Northern Hemisphere temperature increasing at a faster rate than Southern Hemisphere temperatures. Hemispheric marine warming asymmetry has largely attributed to more ocean coverage and therefore larger heat capacity and thermal inertia in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. A stronger ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic than in the Antarctic further enhances the inter-hemispheric asymmetry (1.) Albedo is the measure of the
The temperature is based on how far or how close the earth is to the sun.The earth’s climate and the winds in the atmosphere continue to change every day. Every year the winds change causing different weather patterns to act on the solid earth. The earth’s spin axis is tilted at 23.5 with respect to the elliptic giving moderate seasons and preventing temperature extremes anywhere on earth.
Thunderstorms are a weather phenomenon that requires a massive amount of atmospheric energy. This energy is released when saturated air rises rapidly into the atmosphere, occasionally rising so quickly they briefly overshoot the tropopause and penetrate the stratosphere. They not only require massive amounts of energy but also specific environmental conditions need to be met as well. The factors that affect growth and development are the environment’s temperature and moisture level, also the wind speed and direction. One of the most important requirements of the development of a thunderstorm is the
It all begins with what meteorologists call a “tropical disturbance”, or a group of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. As low-level winds flow into the disturbance, they evaporate water from the ocean surface. This process transfers energy from the ocean into the atmosphere. When the winds arrive at the disturbance, they rise up and release that energy into the air as they form clouds and precipitation. This warms the air and makes it
The annual changes of temperature on a planet, also known as seasons, are caused by two distinct factors: the planet’s axial tilt and its variable distance from the sun, also called orbital eccentricity. The temperature on a singular point on a planet is determined by the amount of sun that falls on that particular location. If a planet does not contain an axis tilt, then the temperatures would be highest along the equator, where light from the sun falls directly, and coldest at the north and south pole, where the light of the sun almost never touches. This would stay constant year round and never vary. However, when a planet does contain an axis tilt, the angle in which the light from the sun falls on any given point on the planet will
Troposphere: The term “tropo” derived from the Greek word which means “turning over. It extends up to 11 km above from the earth surface and temperature is varies from 15°C to -56°C. The troposphere accounts over 70% of atmosphere mass. Troposphere contains most of the water, cloud and particulate matter of the atmosphere. This layer shows positive lapse rate. Temperature and water vapour content in the troposphere decrease rapidly with altitude. Water vapour plays a major role in regulating air temperature because it absorbs solar energy and thermal
Heating of the earth exterior and atmosphere and influences patterns of precipitation the sun heats the air at the equator causing it to expand and rise. Since cool air holds less water vapor than warm air, the water carried by the rising air mass condenses and forms clouds which produce the heavy rainfall associated with the tropical environment. Eventually this equatorial air mass began to rise and spreads north and south. The high altitude air is dry since the moisture it once held fell as a tropical rainfall. When the air mass flows north and south it cools, which increases more density. It goes back to the earth’s surface at about 30 latitudes and spreads north and south. The air draws moisture from the lands over which it flows and creates deserts during the process.
The recent decrease in the heating percentage of the Northern Hemisphere could be a consequence of internal variability of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation -- a natural phenomenon associated with ocean surface temperatures, according to Penn State investigators.
with the net heating is stronger than with the wind forcing. Thus, the relative seasonal
Figure 4: (a) and (b) represents monthly mean AOD and CF for the Study area and (c) corresponds to monthly mean Rainfall (RF) plots during 2012-15 ISMR
Tropical cyclones form over warm oceans (above 26.5˚ C) as low pressure systems and gradually build up intensity. They have clockwise wind circulations and produce gale force winds. These winds can extend hundreds of kilometers from the cyclone center