Double Horn Research Paper

Horn sections are frequently used in reggae, often playing introductions and counter-melodies. Instruments included in a typical reggae horn section include saxophone, trumpet or trombone. In more recent times, real horns are sometimes replaced in reggae by synthesizers or recorded samples. The horn section is often arranged around the first horn, playing a simple melody or counter melody. The first horn is usually accompanied by the second horn playing the same melodic phrase in unison, one octave higher. The third horn usually plays the melody an octave and a fifth higher than the first horn. The horns are generally played fairly softly, usually resulting in a soothing sound. However, sometimes punchier, louder phrases are played for a more up-tempo and aggressive sound.

     The clarinet produces sound when air passes over the reed. The reed then vibrates, causing the flowing air to vibrate, thus producing sound. The air then exits the nearest opening. The farther the air travels before exiting, the deeper and lower the note will be. To produce a wide variety of notes, the clarinet has many keys and holes. Pressing different combinations of keys will result in different notes.

When played correctly, the saxophone creates a sumptuous sound that is able to fill a whole room. Sound has to be produced just right though, or else the result will be a high pitched squeak. The sound from the saxophone is made when one blows air into the mouthpiece, which causes a wooden reed to vibrate. Different pitches are produced when the air column is lengthened or shortened by pushing the keys up and down. The book Music: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, written by Neil Ardley, illustrates the importance of having keys, or buttons, on woodwind instruments such as the saxophone. “…woodwind instruments can produce more than 40 notes even though the player has only eight fingers and two thumbs with which to get them [keys].”(29) Being able to produce so many notes is a great benefit to saxophone players because they can undulate between notes and octaves more easily than other instruments.

According to the classification system of Hornbostel and Sachs, they are classified as ‘trumpets with finger-holes’. They flourished mainly in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, but began a decline in popularity from the second half of the seventeenth; from 1700 onwards their use fell off dramatically, even though in some parts of Europe they persisted until the early 1800s. Their modern revival dates only from the second half of the twentieth century;

Horns with three valves are most commonly played in the key of F, while four valved horns can be played in the key of either F or Bb. The fourth valve allows the performer to switch between F and Bb. The beginning French horns had no valves. The performer could only change their pitch through one of two ways. The performer could switch the slide that determined the key of the horn, or they would just have to lip up the note.

The trumpet is made on a shell. There is a sketch of a man in profile, facing the right side of the shell. The way that the shell is placed vertically, rather than horizontally. The figure in the profile is wearing an elaborate headdress . As part of the headdress , there is a head of an animal.

It is played by blowing into the mouthpiece and the length can be changed. While the zampoña is made of many closed tubes, the trombone is an open tube. Since this is an open tube, there can be both even and odd number of harmonics. The equation to find the frequency would be: frequency = (number of harmonics * velocity) / (2 * length of tube).

Then there are the wacky ones like the Buccin which is a French war trombone with a dragon head and the tromboon which is a trombone with a strange body and a basoon’s

The horn is one member of the family of brass instruments and has a fairly low pitch in comparison to the flute. When comparing with other instruments of the brass family, the horn’s pitch is rather high, only the trumpet being higher. Gledhill plays the horn in a very interesting way, nothing like expected. Not surprisingly, he uses the valves and his mouth to create sound. However, what excited me the most was the way he used his other hand. During a longer time, he had his right hand inside the bell. By rotating his hand in the bell while creating sound with his mouth, it helped with the shifting of the pitch, going from low to a timbre sounding more nasal. The most interesting and surprising sequence during Gledhill’s performance was when he stopped using his fingers on the valves and chose only to use his hand in the bell to play while blowing air into the mouthpiece. This made the piece into a completely different story and the melody changed which indicates in a strophic verse. Moreover, I felt like this way of creating sound made the piece feel more creative and modern and less like classical

The two most common types of trumpets are Bb and C trumpets. Each trumpet has characteristics that make it useful in different contexts. The C trumpet has a bright and penetrating sound, while the Bb trumpet has a mellow, relaxed sound. The more commonly used instrument is the Bb trumpet, but all professional trumpet players play the C trumpet as well. Changing between instruments poses nominal problems since the basic finger combinations stay the same.

Bar 49 Bar 50 Figure 8.3. French horn

First they they cut logs to 3-4 feet long then they have to season the wood. To season the wood they either have to keep it in open air for several months or they dry it in a kiln. Then the logs are split and sawed to the correct lengths of the clarinet body pieces. The body pieces look like long rectangular blocks and pyramidal shapes for the barrel. These pieces are called billets. “When the manufacturer receives the billets, workers inspect the lot. Then skilled workers place the billets on a borer, which drills a hole lengthwise through the center of each piece.”(Clarinet). After they drill it, the wood then is shaped like a cylinder. Then they make the wood smooth and they season the wood again. When the wood is seasoned again they then cut it into the size of the actual clarinet. Then they paint it with black dye. On the plastic models, they make the body parts for the clarinet through injection molding. Then they melt plastic pellets and put them in the molds. Then they may have to fix it up a little unless it came out of the mold perfectly. The next step is boring the holes. They use different drill bits for this because not all the holes are the same size. Then they begin to construct the keys. They usually use casts for this step. When the keys are finished they have put the pads on them. Then they mount the keys on small posts and put them on the clarinet. They then put the final touches on the clarinet

The trumpet has been used for many years for many different uses that many folks do not even know about or have even thought about. In

But by requiring the use of different crooks for the town horns Haydn is able to use a wider number of pitches that would otherwise have been possible. The horns' most important job is to provide harmonic glue for contrapuntal passages such as bars 20-24 of the finale, where the second horn doubles the first oboe pedal

After studied about the Gabriel Horn , I thought , let me try to paint the Horn myself . so do this I bought the Horn from the market and painted it completely . I often spent my time covering the Horn in different color and I decided to paint it .