Early cognitive development in children is an important aspect of human development. Cognitive development in children focuses on the developmental aspects of the way a child processes information, reasons, recalls, solves problems, and develops language. It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to improve the areas of the cognitive developmental stages of a child’s development, especially at the elementary level. Children at the elementary level are naturally curious and constantly learning about their environment. As children continue to grow and develop their cognitive abilities, they incorporate the new information they learn with the old building their knowledge and understanding of the world they live in. One of the ways children …show more content…
Literacy at the elementary level then becomes critical to all students in achieving academic success and reaching their goals. If literacy levels are not enhanced during the childhood years, it could possibly lead to problems later in adolescence and adult life. According to a research study conducted in 2009 on reading management programs, the study found that less attention was being made on reading programs (Hansen, Collins, & Warschauer, 2009). The purpose of this research study proposal is to demonstrate how a new and updated reading program can help enhance elementary students in their reading comprehension skills in order to achieve academic success into the next grade level by improving their cognitive abilities. The goal of the study is to test the efficiency of the current reading curriculum in elementary schools and compare them with a new reading curriculum by the use of two classrooms that will contain an experimental group and controlled group by randomly selecting elementary students at the 4th grade …show more content…
A signed consent document request from the students’ parents or guardian will be issued prior to conducting the study. The study will consist of 30 male and female students with a sum total of 60 participants at the elementary level. Elementary level participants will be assigned a reading pre-assessment test prior to the study to evaluate current literacy levels. Participants who have a higher score than the fourth grade reading level requirements will be substituted for study by another randomly selected participant. Researchers will need access to at least two classrooms to conduct the study. All 60 participants will be randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group A will serve as the experimental group comprising of 15 random male selected students and 15 random female selected students using the new reading program. Group B will serve as the control group comprising of 15 random male selected students and 15 random female selected students that will be using the elementary school’s current reading program. The independent variable will be the amount of time spent studying under the new reading program. For example, two months of study under the new reading program. The dependent variable will be the test results at the end of the study; in this case, at the end of the two month period. At the end of
The 2001 Summer Reading Program sought to meet the following goals: (1) provide children in grades pre-K–3 with the opportunity to improve and retain reading skills in order to achieve greater success in school; and (2) encourage parents to participate and play an active role in reading with their children. The data from all stakeholders in the program - libraries, students, parents, and teachers - demonstrate that the Program made great strides towards meeting its
Early reading success is the foundation of a student’s knowledge and self-esteem. The foundation also provides future opportunities for growth. Students must learn to read proficiently so that they are able to learn more in future grades, post-secondary schools, and the workforce. Beverly Tyner’s Small-Group Reading Instruction: A Differentiated Teaching Model for Beginning and Struggling Readers states “In the United States, which offers few career opportunities for the illiterate, teaching children to read proficiently is the most important single task in education.” (Tyner, 2009). Beverly Tyner created the Small-Group Differentiated Reading Model which incorporates research-based strategies for teaching beginning reading skills and skills
he most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read. Indeed, the future success of all students hinges upon their ability to become proficient readers. Recent scientific studies have allowed us to understand more than ever before how literacy develops, why some children have difficulty, and what constitutes best instructional practice. Scientists now estimate that fully 95 percent of all children can be taught to read. Yet, in spite of all our knowledge, statistics reveal an alarming prevalence of struggling and poor readers that is not limited to any one segment of society:
In every school across America, effective practices of reading instruction are being discussed. Calkins (2012) suggests that over 85% of students being tested on grade level literacy standards are non-proficient. Research suggests that students, who are unable to read proficiently by third grade, are not predicted to ever learn to read or have successful lives when they reach adulthood (Martinez, 2008). For these reasons, it is important that districts implement literacy models and instructional reforms that have been well researched and shown to be successful. The instructional reform method of Balanced Literacy is being used throughout the country to meet the challenging standards of the Common Core. Teachers will need
Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information which is essential in being a productive member of society. If and when a student missed an opportunity to learn the skills necessary for reading, it’s has a profound impact on their lives. As educators we realize that teaching all children to read requires that every child receive excellent reading instruction. We are also aware that children, who are struggling with reading must receive
As children grow through early and middle childhood, they are learning and developing many skills and abilities, including conservation, theory of mind, language, autonomy and initiative,
With its tremendous benefits, the Balanced Literacy Approach that has been adopted by the Houston Independent School District and many others may have possibly overlooked a key component to the implementation and success of the program: the need for explicit (direct) reading instruction in decoding, vocabulary, and comprehension for reading growth. This is especially true of at-risk students who may be one or more grade levels behind in reading. To better understand the impact of direct instruction its effectiveness in improving the reading achievement of at-risk students, an action research was conducted at one of HISD’s elementary campuses.
More specifically, the data collected from student work and teacher/student surveys portrays a clearer picture as to necessary interventions and modifications that are needed for our learners. All teachers indicated in their survey responses that they are reading on a daily basis in class. Also, teachers expressed that most of their students do not possess the necessary grade level literacy skills needed to read high school level English and social studies text.
Appropriate developmental age: I believe my toy is classified in Piaget's stages Preoperational stage, since their learning through manipulating the material and symbolic play. So this is suitable for anyone of the ages 2 and older.
Infant learning and brain development is fragile and contingent upon numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most critical time frame for infant brain development is from the second trimester to the first three months of life (Marshall, 2011). During this time, neural pathways are forming, areas of the brain are maturing, and brain development is rapid. From infancy until the age of 3 years, neural pathways are still being formed in response to stimulation and for this reason, it is extremely important for caregivers and parents to be aware of the many factors that can influence brain development in infants (Marshall, 2011).
This paper is going to carry out a literature review on cognitive development in infants. The paper will review cognitive development in infants at different stages. Effects of early experience on mental development in infants will also be discussed. The research question and the hypothesis of the research will also be given.
The focus of chapter four will center on the findings of a longitudinal study that determined the long-term impact on student outcomes of students who are successfully exited from early literacy programs. For purposes of this study, up to five years of data from five cohorts of grade-two students from a suburban school district in Connecticut who participated in an early literacy program will be employed. This data will then be compared to grade level data points from state and district reading assessments. This study seeks to determine if these students can sustain the ability to read at or above grade level as they progress through school. Further, those students in the cohort who were near grade level reading benchmarks and did not receive any additional interventions beyond grade two will also be evaluated to determine if this early literacy program provided the essential foundation from which students could continue to progress.
The purpose of this section of the paper is to describe the cognitive development skills presented or not by the preschoolers.
The second domain that describes children in middle childhood is cognitive development. Unlike physical characteristics, cognitive development emphasizes on mental development of children. Cognitive development consists of information processing and language (Santrock, 2008). In the aspect of information processing, developments of memory, thinking and metacognition are experienced by children in middle childhood (Santrock, 2008). According to Papalia et al. (2009), the efficiency of working memory of children during this stage improves substantially. This means that they are able to make calculation, organize information into groups, and repeat and reverse at 5 or more numbers that they heard. Besides, children in middle childhood are able to think critically, deeply, and think in different dimension of the task during middle and late childhood (Eccles, 1999). According to the concrete operational stage in Jean Piaget’s theory, operational thinking of children in middle childhood includes four aspects which are logic, decentration,
In this information–driven age, preparing students to read a variety of texts with complete understanding should likely be one of our educational system’s highest priorities. Understanding is more than just the ability to produce information on demand (knowledge) or the ability to perform learned routines (skills). “Understanding is the ability to think and act flexibly with what one knows.” (Active Learning Practice for Schools, n. d.) A review of the literature in the area of reading comprehension of elementary-age students shows two principle areas of focus. There is a body of literature that examines the development of proficient vs. struggling comprehenders and another body of literature that compares methodologies for teaching