Abstract: The main objective of this study is to attempt an ecocritical analysis of Jawaharlal Nehru’s Glimpses of World History. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) is one of the greatest statesmen and writers of the twentieth century. He has written a number of books of which Glimpses of World History is an outstanding contribution to Indian Literature in English. His letters to his daughter clearly reveal Nehru’s interest on ecocritical tropes and his ecological sensibility. As a lover of nature, he imparts this characteristic to his daughter, Indira Gandhi too. Ecocriticism has gained the attention of many scholars over the last three decades throughout the world. It depicts the relationship between human and nature – depiction of nature in literature. This theory has been gaining popularity day by day because of the ecological disaster which the humans witness in everyday life. This study analyses the letters of Nehru from an ecocritical point of view by using various ecocritical tropes like wilderness, pastoral, animals, and pollution and apocalypse (ecocide) for understanding the ecological sensibility of Nehru. This study’s approach is to concentrate on the major …show more content…
He loved mountain trekking, especially the Himalayas of Kashmir. In ‘The Last Letter’, Nehru writes that mountain climbing is a joyful experience. In ‘Empires in Western Asia’, Nehru talks about the wilderness in Kashmir where there are many fine glaciers. Nehru notes that he loved the Pindari glacier, which was the nearest glacier for him and Indira from where they stayed, and he went to it when he was a small boy. He always loved to quench in the wilderness of Kashmir. For Nehru, a peaceful life is possibly greatly in the wilderness. In ‘A Holiday and a Dream Journey’, Nehru remarks that the peace dwells in the snow-crowned Himalayas. Hence, for him, wilderness gives peace of
She writes about the harmful consequences of lethal materials being released into the environment. She uses horrifying evidence, a passionate tone, audience, and the overall structure of her essay to express to her readers that the pollution created by man wounds the earth. There are many different ways that pollution can harm the environment, from the nuclear explosions discharging toxic chemicals into the air, to the venomous pesticides sprayed on plants that kills vegetation and sickens cattle. In Thinking Like a Mountain, the author, Aldo Leopold, writes of the importance of wildlife preservation through examples of the symbiotic relationship of animals and plant-life with a mountain. He asks the reader to perceive the processes of a mountainous environment in an unusual way. Aldo Leopold wants the reader to "think" like a mountain instead of thinking of only the immediate, or as the hunter did. Taking away one feature of an ecosystem may eventually destroy everything else that that environment is composed of. Nature and wildness is essential for the well being of life on this
Rachel Carson’s Man and the Stream of time possesses enlightening perspectives of nature that have been marinating in her mind for ten years. Her writing reflects upon the effects that man has on nature and the role he plays in the ever changing environment. Her sole observation is that it is man’s nature to want to conquer the world, but nature is not one to be conquered. The writer affirms that nature is an entity that must be dignified, Like English poet Francis Thompson said, “Thou canst not stir a flower without troubling of a star.” Most environmentalist would agree that nature is not stationary, we cut the trees now today, its not just the trees that disappear ten years from now. As humanity advances, we create a multitude of
John Muir, a brilliant Transcendentalist, has written hundreds of enlightening environmental essay to emphasize the adamant need to save these sacred kings of the forests, the Redwoods. Within Muir’s vivid and emotional entries, specifically “Save the Redwoods”, John utilizes rhetorical devices such as personification, analogy, and Religious allusion in order to express the vital need to save the trees.
This paper will begin with an exposition of the article, “Radical Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique” written by Ramachendra Guha, a sociologist and historian involved in ecological conflict in the East and the West. In this article, he refers to American environmentalism as “deep ecology”, a modern theory founded by Arne Naess. Guha’s argues that based on a comparison of the concepts of deep ecology and other cultural environmentalisms, deep ecology is strictly rooted in American culture and thus, leads to negative social consequences when it is applied to the Third World. This argument will be achieved by first defining deep ecology and its principles.
In Paul Taylor’s essay, “The Ethics for Respect for Nature,” he argues that… In this paper I will first describe Taylor’s concept of “respect for nature.” I will then explain the part this attitude plays in rationally grounding a biocentric outlook on environmental ethics. Lastly, I will present Rosalind Hursthouse’s criticism of Taylor’s view, and state how Taylor might respond to this criticism.
The authors Lydia Huntley Sigourney, and Henry David Thoreau, both demonstrate similarities and differences in their works. While comparing both essays, it is evident that both authors share similar views on environmental issues, and at the same time demonstrate great emotional journeys in their works. The extraordinary beauty of nature appears frequently in both pieces. Both authors focus their personal experiences, however, within different subject matters. The way in which the authors express their beliefs and feelings is demonstrated through personal life endeavors. It is apparent that the authors are expressing their perception of the atrocities committed to the environment by humans.
Aldo Leopold laid the foundation for environmental awareness decades ahead of a “ecological conscience” (257). There have many pleas to reconnect humanity with nature since the release of Leopold’s cherished book. Intuition and reason tell us that living in harmony with our world is more than idealistic—the future of our planet depends on it. The desire for harmony is not new one. Humans have long time sought to live in peace. It is genuine feelings of love and
Leslie Marmon Silko’s poem “Prayer to the Pacific” is a good example of ecocriticism works in literature because it explains an important myth about the Pacific Ocean that relates to culture, existence and the survival of Native Americans. The myth states that “thirty thousand years ago” the Laguna Indians had arrived America from China on the back of “sea turtles”. I think this poem is also significant because it gives us a clue on the importance of Pacific Ocean concerning Native American culture.
Another novel, Ecotopia (1975), seems to be a long forgotten utopia even though it too has many resonances in contemporary society. Popular in its time, it did not quite get a foothold into the canon. Callenbach’s novel, however, is no less important in understanding cultural attitudes about utopian hopes or dystopian fears. He creates a near paradise based on the principles of environmentalism and stewardship. The government system is based on that of the United States, but the driving force of sustainability is a novel concept for a government system, for not growth as the measurement of prosperity, but stability. Ecotopia offers not only a journal-style account of the narrator’s perceptions of the society he is in, much like Winston in 1984, but also presents the articles Will submits to the American paper he writes for, giving a glimpse into the way the media portrays Ecotopia and the expectations they have. I would like to discuss the differences in the way Ecotopia discusses environmental politics in comparison with the way they are dealt with in United
The theme of nature, environment, and landscape has always been integral in the development of plot for different genres of literature. Apparently, nature plays a significant role in the well-being of people. Humanity is dependent on the natural environment for its survival. Recently, there have been numerous threats towards the environment which when left unchecked lead to its destruction (MacFarlane 2). With the inception of the relentless efforts to create environmental awareness, different approaches and avenues have been utilized to ensure the intended message is gotten by a large section of the public.
Aroused by the massacre of Amritsar in 1919, Gandhi devoted his life to gaining India’s independence from Great Britain. As the dominant figure used his persuasive philosophy of non-violent confrontation, he inspired political activists with many persuasions throughout the world (Andrews 23). Not only was Mahatma Gandhi a great peacemaker, but also his work to achieve freedom and equality for all people was greatly acknowledged. Gandhi’s unconventional style of leadership gained him the love of a country and eventually enabled him to lead the independence movement in India.
As the swamp is most vital to the species that live in it, the value of nature is most desperately felt by the urgent parties- indicating that humans, caught in the modern trend towards economical profit and away from ecological ethics, have often failed to notice such vitality of nature to itself as well as to other parties. However, Aldo Leopold brilliantly successes to break this common rule and spot the importance of nature in A Sand Country Almanac. In A Sand Country Almanac, Leopold releases observations of the current ecological problems in the first branch, confirms the need for ecological ethics in the second, and proposes conclusions of such phenomenon in the third. Leopold concludes that human beings need to overcome the lack
Cheryll Glotfelty, one of the forerunners of Ecocriticism defines Ecocriticism as, “the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment” (xviii). According to Glotfelty, William Ruckert introduces the term Ecocriticism in his essay Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism in 1978, where he means by the term “the application of ecology and ecological concepts to the study of literature”(xx). After this, lots of other terms like ecopoetics, environmental literary criticism and green cultural studies were circulating in the literary world. Ecocriticism means how nature is presented in literature. Cheryll Glotfelty states for ecocriticism, “As a critical stance, it has one foot in literature and the other on land; as theoretical discourse, it negotiates between human and the non-human.”(xix). Ecocriticism is a swiftly mounting area of research which shelters wide range of texts and theories and studies the relationship between man and nature. In the literary texts, through the nature imagery, man-woman relationship, culture, tourism, gender construct etc. the issues of environment has been studied which have wider meanings than what is actually exhibited in their literal expressions. William Howarth observes in Some Principles of Ecocriticism, “Since ecology studies the relations between species and habitats, ecocriticism must see its complicity in what it
In American Literature many authors write about nature and how nature affects man's lives. In life, nature is an important part of people. Many people live, work, or partake in revelry in nature. Nature has received attention from authors spanning several centuries. Their attitudes vary over time and also reflect the different outlooks of the authors who chose to discuss this important historical movement. A further examination of this movement, reveals prevalence of nature's influence on man and how it affects their lives.
In undoubtedly one of the grandest science fiction epics of all time, Frank Herbert’s Dune focuses on a stunning blend of politics, environmentalism, adventure, and mysticism. Recipient of the Nebula Award and Hugo Award, Dune explores the effects of a changing global climate most prominently. The role of science fiction isn’t so much to predict the future, rather than to astound the audience with its possible leading avenues. Dune has a sparse ecosystem and Herbert explores for instance how the limitation of water would transform the planetary ecology and possible sustenance for human life. Thus Dune, stands as an early example that explores environmentalism and ecology, effectively communicating these novel ideas in the 1960’s to a new and young audience and generation. Herbert focuses on the untapped human potential of transcending the primary state of living conditions, however with a plethora of limitations and consequences. Particularly interesting, the novel as a whole serves as an allegory for the dangers of environmental shortages and damages. Although some may presume the novel Dune as confusing archaic misfit for a science fiction novel, these romantic critics are often too dogmatic in their provincial ideologies. Several warnings are presented throughout the course of the novel on ancient dangers such as the greed of mercantile corporations, the intertwined complications of religion and politics, conflicts of feudalism, and most prominently ecological fragility.