Electrochemistry

This is where electrons are transferred from one ion to another, so there is an electrostatic force between the ions. Variables involved: For this experiment I would expect to have 3 different variables, Independent, Dependent, and fixed variables, which all helps me to plan and explain the experiment thoroughly. The Independent variable, the thing that I will be changing in this experiment into the combustion of a range of alcohols, they will be four different alcohols, Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, and Pentanol, which will help me to investigate combustion of different alcohols.

A fuel cell is, in principle, a very simple electrochemical device. The chemical reaction that powers hydrogen fuel cells is the same as that which occurs when hydrogen burns. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 2H2 + O2 ( 2H2O + energy. "Normally hydrogen burns, reacting with oxygen from the air, producing water, heat and light. ... In the fuel cell the chemical reaction is exactly the same, but instead of producing light and heat energy, electrical energy is produced."2 All fuel cells consist of an electrolyte (a substance that allows only the passage of ions) sandwiched between two electrodes. When a fuel containing hydrogen is passed over the negative electrode, otherwise known as an anode, it is ionized. Ionization of the fuel, often accomplished with the assistance of a catalyst, removes electrons from the hydrogen creating positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged free electrons. Since only the ions can pass through the electrolyte situated between the electrodes, the electrons must find another route to the positive electrode or cathode, where they will be reunited with the hydrogen ions and combined with oxygen atoms to form water. The electrons passing around the electrolyte constitute an electric current, and thus can be used to provide power during their journey from anode to cathode.3

One type of chemical reaction, called combustion, involves the burning of various compounds and elements. Some substances are more

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons rather than molecules is classified as a Redox reaction. A reaction involving the loss of electrons is called Oxidation, and a reaction involving the gain of electrons is called Reduction. Oxidation and Reduction always occur together, as one reactant loses electrons, and the other gains them. This exchange often effects the physical states of molecules, as their solubility is changed with their charge.

The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter.

A chemical reaction is a process that involves change of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction. The key concepts of a chemical reaction are:

Metabolism is the word for every chemical reaction that takes place within a living organism. The energy is released from the food by respiration.

Redox reactions are an important class of reactions in organic chemistry that involve the transfer of electrons from

In metallic bonding, the reason it is so good at conducting heat and electricity, is the electrons are loosely held in the atom. Also, the structural pattern of metals is hexagonal-close-packing (Francis, E . . .). Metallic bonds are when the electrons are shared and are able to move and how C models show that. The idea of the electrons being able to move, delocalized electrons, helps produce its characteristics like conductivity and malleability, etc. (Anderson . . .). In a redox reaction, oxidation and reduction happens. Also you can’t have reduction happening without oxidation also happening along with it. Redox reactions oxidation is the loss of electrons
and reduction is the gain of electrons (Redox . .

82. Oxidation occurs when there is a removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a

#1) What is an electrochemical gradient, and why is it so important when discussing the movement of ions across cell membranes?

Chemical reactions that release energy are called exothermic reactions, these reactions are observed by an increase in temperature of the reaction mixture.

A chemical reaction is a process in which elements or compounds react with one another to create new or different substances. There are two parts to a reaction. Those two parts are the products and the reactants. The reactants are the chemicals or chemical compounds that are going through the reaction itself. The products are chemical elements or chemical compounds that are produced as a result of the reactant or reactants reacting. There are four key indications that there’s a chemical reaction is taking place. Those four signs include a change in color and/or odor, formation of a precipitate or a gas, the release or absorption of energy (light, heat, electricity), and if the reaction is irreversible. Along with this information, there are ways to predict the products of a reaction.

Meanwhile, Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry involved with studying of materials, and their properties, as well as developing tools to analyze materials, and physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry. Then lastly, biochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms.

Background Students had been taught ‘Electrochemistry’ as outlined in the IB Chemistry syllabus. Investigation Design an experiment that allows you to investigate a variable affecting the rate of electroplating. Your research question must be focussed and specific and must enable you to carry out your experiment safely and within the allocated time. Safety Show your research question to your teacher. Complete a safety hazard assessment before writing a full plan (a + b). Ensure your teacher approves this. Experiment If your plan is safe you will be allowed