Encryption Methods : Steganography, And Substitution Ciphers

When a fellow general received the message, he would wrap the paper around his corresponding scytale to decipher the message (Tyson 2014). Since the advent of computers though, encryption has become increasing important and relies almost solely on cryptographic means to secure information. When speaking about encryption today, it refers more to the process rather than the mathematical formulas used to scramble data. The basic idea behind encrypting a computer message is such that it is scrambled with a sequence of random bits, known as a key, and only parties with the corresponding key can transpose it back into a comprehensible format. These keys are created via a cipher, otherwise known as an algorithm. When a user sends a message, known as the plaintext, across a network, the computer applies an algorithm to the information to encode it, resulting in a ciphertext (Encryption Basics 2014). This method can be best summarized visually:

Encryption is the conversion of electronic data into another form, called cipher text, which cannot be easily understood by anyone except authorized parties. The primary purpose of encryption is to protect the confidentiality of digital data stored on computer systems or transmitted via the Internet or other computer networks. Modern encryption algorithms play

M2 – Explain the operation and use of encryption technique in ensuring security of transmitted information

This paper discusses the history of data encryption technology. It also touches on several aspects of data encryption technology. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to answer several key questions like what is data encryption technology (DET). It will also detail some of the history of DET, how DET affects the lives of people in America, and some of the future implications of this technology.

The word steganography is of Greek origin and means "concealed writing" from the Greek words steganosmeaning "covered ", and graph demeaning “writing”. Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence ofthe message.. Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol. Media files are ideal for steganographic transmission because of their large size. As a simple example, a sender might start with an innocuous image file and

Cryptography is the art of hiding or securing the important communication from the possible attacks of the outside.

Steganography is art of hiding the secret message within an ordinary message and extraction of its destination. Steganography take cryptography a step farther by hiding an encrypted message so that no one finds the existence of the message. If anyone scans your data will fail to know that it contain encrypted data. Steganography maintain the secure communication between the communicating parties. There are different techniques that are used for hiding the secret data as Steganography, Cryptography and Watermarking. There are various drawbacks of the cryptography that are covered by the Steganography. This paper reviews the Steganography techniques and various matrices for performance analysis of Steganography techniques.

* Implements the DES cipher on 64 bit blocks in @param input using @param key in CBC mode.

Encryption has become a necessity in modern society due to the nature of the information we must interact with every day. Furthermore, the encryption of computer data is becoming increasingly important since much sensitive information is stored on our hard drives and human based codes are simply too easy for a computer to solve. All forms of encryption are based on cryptology which is "the science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms". Cryptology and simple codes have been used as early as the Roman Empire. Encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of a message that is being sent is not compromised as in case of the message being intercepted, it ensure that only authorized individuals can understand the contents. As technology, has been advancing, the complex nature of encrypting and decrypting messages have also been advancing the electronic age has brought forth many technological advances. With these advances came the need for security and tighter control on how we send information electronically over the Internet or through a network. Date encryption is, in its simplest terms, the translation of data into a secret code. To read an encrypted file, the receiver of the file must obtain a secret key that will enable him to decrypt the file. A deeper consider cryptography, cryptanalysis, and the Data Encryption Standard (DES) will provide a better understanding of data encryption.

Steganography is a Greek origin word that means stegos meaning cover and grafia to which classified as cover writing. Steganography is hiding a secret message into other information such as sound, image and video. It is also known as invisible communication. In addition, steganography is related to two technologies which are watermarking and fingerprinting. Both these technologies provide the same goals which are mainly used for intellectual property protection.Thus, both are different in algorithm requirements. Watermarking provides a hidden copyright protection by owner whereas the fingerprinting used a copy of the carrier object and make it as unique to the different customer.

Primary purpose of cryptography is security. Cryptography has been present since thousands of years. Encryption for a longer duration is a priority in many organizations. One among them is military, which used cryptography to securely transmit a message. During 1980’s there is great necessity of securely communicating with others. Internet is present since 1960’s and the World Wide Web came into existence during 1980’s. Throughout the world people access the internet. A World Wide Web, an electronic portal, is extensively used by many people for communicating. People used World Wide Web to send electronic mails. This kind of communication increased around the world. As the information passed between the two people may be hacked by any other person, securing data and transmitting to the right person became important aspect. A deep emphasis of encryption and cryptography will help all

CRYPTOGRAPHY is the most important part to secure any business by securing the communication range. In this project important topics of cryptography that should be known in general is discussed . How decoding and encoding in done with the help of cryptography to secure any communication. How it helps to maintain authenticity of any industry or company. Cryptography helps in making transactions by keeping data secure. It also protect passwords, ATM pins etc. from hackers. Cryptography maintains aspects which is authenticated like Confidentiality, authenticity & integrity. In this project it is described how cryptography converts the essential data in coded form and how it is changed using terms encryption and decryption. In this undertaking distinctive keys utilized for encryption and unscrambling is examined like cryptography mystery key and open key. In this a short portrayal of encryption is given which is the starting venture in cryptography. Encryption takes an arrangement of calculations, or scientific articulations, to scramble information from its unique organization into one undecipherable. Purpose of cryptography is discussed in the project. How secret codes were used in ancient period is briefly described. Now key is used in cryptography how key convert the data from one format to another is discussed. There are three keys in cryptography public, private and shared keys. A brief discussion about how these

Steganography is the science of hiding a secret message or data inside another text, image, audio or video file. It has been in use since ancient times. The distinguishing factors in the steganography techniques used back then and at present, is the medium to carry the secret data and the various algorithms which have been designed for it. We intend to uncover the pros and cons of these various steganography techniques, which use different mediums to carry the secret data.

Cryptography is defined as the art or process of writing in or deciphering secret code: any system of secret writing. Encryption is used in electronic systems to achieve privacy and authentication of information. The privacy requires, two questions need to be answered: what are the consequences of unauthorized access to or disclosure of the valuable information, and how often the possibility of unauthorized access to or disclosure of information. Authentication addresses the issues of whether data is from the correct source or if it has been unauthorized with. Functions embedded with in cryptographic systems help ensure data integrity by guaranteeing authenticity of a message and allowing the use of digital signature, a data block attached to a message that binds the message to a sender so that it can be verified by the receiver or others.

There has been a need for a non-breakable encryption algorithm desired after since the establishment of Cryptography was first matured. However, an algorithm is advised to be immune as long as there has not been found susceptibility through cryptanalysis. Symmetric-key block ciphers abide as the largest and critical aspect in many cryptographic systems. Independently, they add confidentiality. As a central construction block, their adaptability grants the manufacturing of pseudorandom stream ciphers, number generators, hash functions, and MAC’s. Moreover they serve as an essential component in message verification methods, symmetric-key signature schemes, entity confirmation protocols, and data purity. Although Block ciphers are very powerful objects their design flaws and complex interface opens the door for wider attacks.